Electromagnet fundamentals: Which principle best explains why a coil with current behaves like a magnet?

Introduction / Context:
An electromagnet is created by driving electric current through a coil, producing a magnetic field that can attract ferromagnetic materials or interact with other magnetic fields. This principle underpins motors, generators, relays, and magnetic actuators.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are asked for the basic physical principle.
• We consider steady or slowly varying currents in a wire or coil.
• No mechanical motion is required to form the magnetic field in the conductor.

Concept / Approach:
Ampère’s circuital law and the Biot–Savart relationship state that an electric current produces a magnetic field encircling the current path. Winding wire into a coil concentrates and shapes that field; adding an iron core further increases flux via higher permeability.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the cause: electric current in a conductor.State the effect: creation of a magnetic field around the conductor.Apply to coils: multiple turns superimpose fields to form a strong electromagnet.

Verification / Alternative check:
Right-hand rule around a straight conductor or solenoid predicts field direction and confirms the magnetic behavior observed in labs and devices.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Induced current in a moving conductor: describes generator action (Faraday’s law), not why a coil with current is magnetic.Pole attraction/repulsion statements: true facts about magnets, but they do not explain the origin of the electromagnet’s field.None: incorrect because the core principle is explicitly stated in option (c).

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing electromagnetic induction (motion-based voltage generation) with magnetization due to current; mixing cause (current) and observed effects (force between poles).

Final Answer:
Current flowing through a conductor generates a magnetic field