What do PMOS and NMOS denote in logic families? Choose the statement that correctly characterizes PMOS and NMOS technologies within digital gates.

Introduction / Context:
Digital IC technologies can be categorized by the transistor types used in their logic gates. PMOS and NMOS refer to families that build gates primarily with one channel type, while CMOS uses complementary pairs of both P-channel and N-channel MOSFETs. Understanding the distinction clarifies performance, power, and interfacing behaviors.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• PMOS logic: uses P-channel MOSFETs predominately in the pull-down/pull-up networks depending on topology.
• NMOS logic: uses N-channel MOSFETs as the primary active devices, often with resistive or depletion pull-ups.
• CMOS: complementary use of both types within each gate for low static power.

Concept / Approach:
PMOS and NMOS are historical and educationally important. NMOS provided speed advantages over PMOS; CMOS later displaced both for most logic due to drastically lower static power and better noise margins. Terminology matters: PMOS/NMOS do not denote “74HC,” which is a CMOS family, and do not refer to “positive/negative” supply concepts.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbook logic family charts list PMOS, NMOS, and CMOS separately; 74HC is explicitly CMOS with complementary devices.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming PMOS/NMOS are just subsets of CMOS or confusing family names (TTL, HC, HCT, AC, etc.).

Final Answer:
represent MOSFET devices utilizing either P-channel or N-channel devices exclusively within a given gate