Pile classification: A pile that primarily carries load through friction between its surface and the surrounding soil is called a

Introduction / Context:
Piles transfer structural loads to the ground through tip (end) bearing, shaft friction, or a combination. Correct terminology is essential for design and construction communication, especially when interpreting soil investigation reports and capacity calculations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The pile derives most of its capacity from interface resistance along the shaft.
• Soil may be clayey, sandy, or mixed; friction mobilization depends on effective stress and roughness.
• Tip resistance is not the dominant component.

Concept / Approach:
A “friction pile” (also called a skin-friction pile) gains capacity from the adhesion and friction developed along its surface. In contrast, an “end-bearing pile” or “bearing pile” is seated on a dense or strong stratum, and a “sheet pile” is a thin wall element used for earth retention and cutoff. “Battered piles” are inclined piles used to resist horizontal loads, regardless of whether capacity is frictional or end bearing.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match the load transfer mechanism (shaft friction) to the name → “Friction pile”.Differentiate from bearing piles (tip-controlled) and sheet piles (retaining function).Select the correct term.

Verification / Alternative check:
Design formulas split capacity into Q_s (shaft) and Q_b (base). For friction piles, Q_s is the governing component.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Bearing pile/end-bearing pile: governed by tip resistance, not shaft friction.Sheet pile: not a foundation pile for vertical loads.Battered pile: an inclination descriptor, not a load-transfer mechanism.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming all piles are end-bearing; ignoring that long piles in soft strata can still carry significant load via skin friction.

Final Answer:
Friction pile.