Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Cement is the primary binder in conventional concrete. When mixed with water, a complex set of chemical reactions occurs, turning a plastic mixture into a hardened stone-like material. Understanding these fundamentals is necessary for proper mix design, placing, and curing practices that lead to durable structures.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Hydration of cement produces compounds (for example, calcium silicate hydrates) that form the binding matrix. This matrix envelops and adheres to aggregate particles, creating a composite material. Proper paste quality, aggregate characteristics, and curing govern the resulting strength, durability, and watertightness. Poor curing or wrong proportions increase porosity and permeability, undermining performance.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
Laboratory tests (compressive strength, permeability) consistently correlate improved curing and optimized w/c ratio with superior performance metrics, confirming these statements.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“None” contradicts basic cement chemistry; any single statement would be incomplete by itself in representing the full picture.
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming cement content alone determines quality; ignoring the decisive role of w/c ratio and curing; poor consolidation leading to honeycombing and leakage.
Final Answer:
All of the above
Discussion & Comments