Traverse Fundamentals – Recognizing Types of Traverses and Their Control Which of the following statements correctly describe traverse systems and terminology used in engineering surveying?

Introduction / Context:
Traversing establishes horizontal control by measuring directions and distances along a connected framework of lines. Correct terminology helps in planning, computation, and specifications. This question tests recognition of standard definitions for various traverse types and control conditions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Distance and direction measurements are of adequate precision for the task.
• Control points may be existing (geodetic, cadastral) or newly established.
• Closures and adjustments follow standard practice (Bowditch, transit rule, or least squares).

Concept / Approach:

A traverse is the backbone of many surveys. A closed traverse returns to its start, enabling strong closure checks on both angles and coordinates. A controlled traverse ties into known points at each end, fixing scale, orientation, and position robustly. A fly traverse lacks adequate external control and is primarily used for reconnaissance or to reach control, with weaker checks until closure is made later. Understanding these categories guides how errors are detected and corrected.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Most surveying texts define these exactly; computational routines for closures depend on whether the traverse is closed or controlled.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Since each statement accurately captures a standard definition, choosing anything other than 'All of the above' would omit correct information.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing 'closed traverse' (returns to start) with 'link traverse' (joins two known points); assuming a fly traverse is necessarily inaccurate—its weakness is lack of external checks until closure.

Final Answer:

All of the above