Parking brake actuation — method used in vehicles In standard passenger vehicles, the parking (hand) brake is normally actuated by which method?

Introduction / Context:
The parking brake provides a secure hold when stationary and serves as an emergency backup. Regulations often require an independent actuation method from the service brake hydraulic circuit.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional cars with cable-operated handbrakes or foot-operated parking pedals.
• Some modern vehicles use electric parking brakes that actuate a mechanical mechanism.
• Primary service brakes are hydraulic.

Concept / Approach:
Parking brakes are typically mechanical via cables or screw/lever mechanisms acting on rear discs (integrated drum-in-hat or caliper mechanism) or rear drums. This independence ensures parking capability even if hydraulic pressure is lost.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify regulatory intent: independent, fail-safe actuation.Common implementation: lever/pedal → cables/gear → rear brakes.Therefore, the method is mechanical actuation.

Verification / Alternative check:
Vehicle manuals illustrate cable routing to rear brake mechanisms; electric parking brakes still drive a mechanical clamp or drum via motors.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Hydraulic actuation would not be independent and could leak down; pneumatics are used on heavy trucks, not typical cars.

“None of these” is false; a clear standard method exists.

Common Pitfalls:
Corroded cables and misadjusted mechanisms reduce holding force; always test on slopes after service.

Final Answer:
mechanically