PAL implementation capability “The PAL (Programmable Array Logic) structure is able to perform any sum-of-products (SOP) operation.” Decide whether this absolute claim is accurate.

Introduction / Context:
PAL and PLA devices both realize SOP logic, but with different arrays. A PAL has a programmable AND array and a fixed OR array (with limited product terms per output), whereas a PLA has both arrays programmable. This difference affects which SOP expressions can be implemented directly.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Device: PAL (programmable AND, fixed OR).
• Claim: can perform any SOP expression.
• We consider limits such as available product terms and fixed interconnect.

Concept / Approach:
“Any SOP” would imply no structural limitations. In a PAL, each output has a fixed number of OR inputs, so only a limited number of product terms can feed that output directly. If an SOP requires more product terms than allowed, the expression cannot be implemented in a single PAL output without logic factoring or cascading devices. A PLA, with a programmable OR array, is closer to realizing arbitrary SOP (still bounded by available terms), but PALs are more restricted by design.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall PAL architecture: programmable AND, fixed OR with limited inputs.Compare with the requirement “any SOP.”Conclude the absolute claim is false due to product-term limits.

Verification / Alternative check:
Device datasheets for PALs list maximum product terms per output; exceeding that limit requires redesign (e.g., factoring, sharing, or a larger device).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Correct” ignores hard limits. “Only correct for PLA” better reflects programmability differences but still depends on term counts. “True with unlimited terms” acknowledges the caveat but typical PALs do not offer unlimited terms.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “can perform SOP” implies “can perform any SOP”; conflating ideal logic forms with practical device constraints.

Final Answer:
Incorrect