In basic computer classification, an operating system such as Windows, Linux, or macOS is an example of which type of software?

Introduction / Context:
Software on a computer is often divided into two broad categories: system software and application software. System software controls the hardware and provides a platform on which application programs can run. Application software helps users perform specific tasks such as word processing, accounting, or web browsing. Operating systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS are at the heart of system software. This question checks whether you can correctly classify an operating system within this basic framework.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The item to be classified is an operating system.
• Examples include Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, and others.
• Options include application software, system software, both, and none of the above.
• We assume the standard definitions used in computer fundamentals courses.

Concept / Approach:
System software is defined as the set of programs that manage computer hardware and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important piece of system software. It handles tasks such as memory management, process scheduling, file management, input output control, and user interface. Application software, by contrast, includes programs like text editors, spreadsheets, media players, and games that rely on the operating system to run. Because an operating system sits below applications and manages hardware, it is purely system software, not application software.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall what an operating system does. It starts the computer, loads drivers, manages memory and CPU time, and provides a base for applications. Step 2: Match this with the definition of system software. System software is designed to operate the hardware and provide fundamental services for other programs. Step 3: Examine application software. Application software includes end user programs like word processors and browsers that run on top of the operating system. Step 4: Evaluate the options. Only system software accurately describes the role of an operating system. Step 5: Eliminate options that mix application and system software or say none of the above.

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks on computer fundamentals usually have a chapter that classifies software. Diagrams clearly place the operating system at the system level, directly above the hardware and below application programs. The same sources list examples of system software such as operating systems, device drivers, and utility programs. Application software examples are productivity and entertainment programs. There is no standard classification where an operating system is considered application software. This confirms that operating system is an example of system software.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A (Application software): Application software is written for specific user tasks and depends on the operating system; it does not control hardware at the lowest level. Option C (Both application software and system software): An operating system is not both; it clearly belongs to the system software category. Option D (None of the above): Incorrect because system software is a standard and correct classification.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners confuse operating systems with applications they frequently use, especially when app stores display updates for both. They might think any visible program is application software. Others treat the term software as a single undivided group and do not pay attention to subcategories. To avoid this, remember the layered view: hardware at the bottom, system software (including the operating system) in the middle, and application software on top. Whenever you see the term operating system in an exam, you should immediately associate it with system software.

Final Answer:
An operating system is an example of system software, because it manages hardware and provides a platform for applications.