Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: Altruist
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
One-word substitution questions test your ability to match a longer description with a single precise term. The description here is "a person who loves everybody", which suggests someone who cares deeply for the welfare of others, often in a selfless way. The options include several philosophical and personality related words, but only one captures the idea of selfless concern for all people.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
An "altruist" is a person who is unselfishly concerned about the welfare of other people and is willing to help others, even at personal cost. This matches the idea of someone who loves or cares for everybody. A "humanist" values human dignity and rational thought but is not defined simply by loving everybody. A "cosmopolitan" person feels at home in many places and cultures. A "fatalist" believes that events are predetermined and cannot be changed. An "egoist" cares mainly about themselves. Therefore, "Altruist" is the best one-word substitute for the description.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Focus on the key idea in the description: love or selfless concern for all people.Step 2: Consider option D, "Altruist". An altruist places the interests of others above their own and acts out of concern for others' well being, which fits the description.Step 3: Examine option A, "Humanist". A humanist believes in the value of human beings and often supports human rights, but the term does not necessarily mean loving everybody on a personal, emotional level.Step 4: Examine option B, "Cosmopolitan". This word describes someone who is comfortable in many countries and cultures, not someone who specifically loves everyone.Step 5: Examine option C, "Fatalist". This is a person who believes that all events are predetermined and cannot be changed, a belief system rather than a pattern of love for others.Step 6: Examine option E, "Egoist". This is almost the opposite of the description, as an egoist thinks mainly about themselves and their own advantage.Step 7: Conclude that "Altruist" is the only option that matches the idea of loving everybody.
Verification / Alternative check:
You can verify your choice by thinking of related forms like "altruism", which refers to behaviour that benefits others, often at a cost to the person who acts. Discussions about altruism emphasise concern for the welfare of others and even strangers, which aligns well with "loves everybody". In contrast, humanism is more about philosophical ideas regarding human worth and rationality, and cosmopolitanism is about global outlook. These are valuable concepts but not direct synonyms for a person who loves everyone.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
"Humanist" describes someone who follows humanist principles, possibly focusing on reason and ethics but not defined by universal affection. "Cosmopolitan" refers to a person with a broad international outlook or someone who feels at home in many countries, not necessarily someone particularly loving toward everyone. "Fatalist" indicates a belief about fate and destiny, which is unrelated to how much the person loves others. "Egoist" refers to a self centred person, which is almost the exact opposite of an altruist. Therefore, these options do not fit the definition given in the question.
Common Pitfalls:
Students often confuse "humanist" and "altruist" because both seem positive and people focused. It is important to remember that humanism is a philosophical stance, while altruism is about actions and feelings directed toward helping others. Another pitfall is to select "cosmopolitan" because it sounds sophisticated, but it does not mean loving everyone, only being familiar with the world. To avoid such mistakes, build a habit of linking each one-word substitute with a simple definition or example sentence in your mind.
Final Answer:
The one-word term for a person who loves everybody is Altruist.
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