Tracking (servo) ADCs: which statement identifies a key disadvantage of the tracking A/D converter architecture?

Introduction / Context:
A tracking (servo) ADC adjusts its internal DAC output up or down by one code per update, following the analog input. Near a code boundary, noise or tiny variations may cause the output code to toggle between two adjacent values, known as hunting. This question checks recognition of that behavior.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Architecture updates by incrementing or decrementing a register.
• Step size is 1 LSB per update.
• Real inputs include small noise and ripple.

Concept / Approach:
When the DAC output equals the input within ±0.5 LSB, sign of the error can flip from sample to sample due to noise, so the up/down decision alternates. The result is code chatter between N and N±1 in steady state. Hysteresis or digital filtering is often added to suppress this effect.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Describe tracking rule: one-step adjust per update toward Vin.At equilibrium near a threshold, tiny perturbations reverse the decision.Outcome: toggling between two adjacent codes—choose the option describing oscillation.

Verification / Alternative check:
Observe a tracking ADC on an oscilloscope: with a quiet DC input, the code tends to oscillate between two values without hysteresis.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
A: A single up/down counter or register suffices; two dedicated counters are unnecessary.C: While a clock is used, extreme precision is not the central drawback.D: A latch may be used but is not the inherent disadvantage.E: Tracking excels at slowly varying inputs; speed limits affect fast signals, not slow ones.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing tracking ADCs with SAR. SAR avoids hunting by resolving all bits in one fixed sequence with a final stable code.

Final Answer:
Its binary output can oscillate (hunt) between two adjacent codes when the analog input is constant