Classification – Odd one out (ordered pairs): Choose the pair that does not follow the same numeric rule: (108, 36), (69, 23), (42, 14), (56, 19).

Introduction / Context:
Pair classification frequently tests a simple relation between the two components, such as multiplication/division by a constant. We examine whether the second element is a consistent function of the first (e.g., first/3).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pairs: (108, 36), (69, 23), (42, 14), (56, 19).
• Assume straightforward exact arithmetic relationships.

Concept / Approach:
Test whether the second equals the first divided by 3. If three pairs satisfy x2 = x1 / 3 exactly and one does not, that one is the outlier.

Step-by-Step Solution:
108 / 3 = 36 → matches (108, 36).69 / 3 = 23 → matches (69, 23).42 / 3 = 14 → matches (42, 14).56 / 3 = 18.666… ≠ 19 → breaks the rule.

Verification / Alternative check:
Try other simple linear rules (e.g., subtracting a constant). None will fit three pairs simultaneously as cleanly as division by 3, confirming (56, 19) as the unique mismatch.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• (108, 36), (69, 23), (42, 14) all follow second = first / 3.

Common Pitfalls:
Rounding 56/3 to 19 is not allowed; these puzzles expect exact integer relationships, not approximations.

Final Answer:
(56, 19)