Directions: The following table gives the percentage distribution of population of five states, P, Q, R, S and T on the basis of poverty line and also on the basis of sex. Study the table and answer the questions based on it. | State | Percentage of Population below Poverty line | Proportion of Males and Females Below Poverty line M : F | Proportion of Males and Females Above Poverty Line M : F | |---|---|---|---| | P | 35 | 5 : 6 | 6 : 7 | | Q | 25 | 3 : 5 | 4 : 5 | | R | 24 | 1 : 2 | 2 : 3 | | S | 19 | 3 : 2 | 4 : 3 | | T | 15 | 5 : 3 | 3 : 2 | What will be the number of females above poverty line in the State S if it is known that the population of State S is 7 million ?

### Concept & Percentage Allocation To find a specific demographic segment, calculate the proportion of the population that falls into the main category (above poverty line) and then apply the demographic ratio (female share). $$ \text{Segment Population} = \text{Total Population} \times \% \text{ in Category} \times \text{Demographic Fraction} $$ ### Step-by-Step Solution 1. **Identify parameters for State S:** Total population = $7$ million. 2. **Calculate population above poverty line:** The percentage below the poverty line is $19\%$, so the percentage above is $100\% - 19\% = 81\%$. Population above poverty line = $0.81 \times 7 = 5.67$ million. 3. **Calculate female population above poverty line:** The ratio of males to females above the poverty line is $4 : 3$. Thus, the female fraction is $\frac{3}{7}$. Females above poverty line = $\left(\frac{3}{7}\right) \times 5.67 = 3 \times 0.81 = 2.43$ million. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Instead of finding the intermediate value ($5.67$), set up a single continuous equation to cancel terms easily: $7 \times \left(\frac{81}{100}\right) \times \left(\frac{3}{7}\right)$. The $7$s cancel out immediately, leaving $81 \times 3 / 100 = 243 / 100 = 2.43$. ### Common Pitfall A frequent error is using the ratio for "Below Poverty line" ($3 : 2$) instead of "Above Poverty Line" ($4 : 3$). Always cross-reference the exact column header. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **2.43 million**.