Who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016 for resolute efforts to end a long standing civil war in his country?

Introduction / Context:
The Nobel Peace Prize is among the most prestigious international honours and questions about its recipients frequently appear in general knowledge sections. The 2016 award drew global attention because it recognised a political leader who worked to end a civil war that had lasted for more than fifty years. This question asks you to connect that description with the correct name.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The prize is the Nobel Peace Prize.
• The year is 2016.
• The reason is efforts to end a long civil war in the leader's own country.
• All options are well known figures linked to humanitarian or peace related work.

Concept / Approach:
To answer, you should recall key facts about Nobel Peace Prize winners and their main contributions. In 2014, the prize went to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai for work on children's rights and education. By contrast, 2016 is associated with peace talks in Colombia led by President Juan Manuel Santos, aiming to end a long conflict with the FARC rebels.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Note that Henry Dunant was one of the first Nobel Peace Prize winners in 1901 and is not connected with recent events. Step 2: Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for campaigns related to child labour and girls education. Step 3: In 2016, the Nobel Committee honoured Juan Manuel Santos, the President of Colombia, for his persistent efforts to reach a peace agreement to end the Colombian civil war. Step 4: Therefore, the only option that matches the year 2016 and the description about ending a civil war is Juan Manuel Santos.

Verification / Alternative check:
The official Nobel Prize website and standard year wise lists of Nobel laureates clearly state that Juan Manuel Santos received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2016. The citation emphasises his resolute efforts to bring the conflict in Colombia to an end and to promote reconciliation, which directly matches the wording in this question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Henry Dunant was a co recipient of the very first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 for founding the Red Cross and helping build the basis for international humanitarian law, not for a 2016 peace agreement. Kailash Satyarthi is an Indian child rights activist who received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, not 2016. Malala Yousefzai, better known as Malala Yousafzai, is an education activist from Pakistan and shared the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize with Kailash Satyarthi.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates often remember famous winners but mix up the years, especially between closely spaced awards. Another pitfall is ignoring the specific description in the stem and selecting a familiar name like Malala or Kailash simply because they are well known. Reading the year and the reason carefully is essential to match the correct laureate with the correct prize year.

Final Answer:
The Nobel Peace Prize for 2016 was awarded to Juan Manuel Santos.