Model organisms in biology: Neurospora (a filamentous fungus) is classically used as an experimental tool in which branch of biology?

Introduction / Context:
Model organisms illuminate fundamental principles. Neurospora crassa became a cornerstone of experimental genetics, especially after foundational work demonstrated that genes encode enzymes, shaping the gene to phenotype framework used in modern molecular biology.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Neurospora grows rapidly and is easy to culture.
• It possesses a convenient haploid life cycle stage.
• Historic experiments mapped genes to biosynthetic pathways.

Concept / Approach:
Beadle and Tatum used Neurospora to establish the one gene one enzyme hypothesis by isolating nutritional mutants and linking genetic lesions to blocks in metabolic pathways. This places Neurospora squarely in the genetics canon as a model for gene function analysis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks routinely present the Neurospora studies in chapters on Mendelian genetics and gene function.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Ecology, cytology, physiology, and biochemistry all use fungi, but Neurospora achieved seminal status in genetics specifically.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing yeast genetics with filamentous fungal genetics; both are valuable, but the classic gene enzyme work used Neurospora.

Final Answer:
Genetics