Which Indian national park is known for having the worlds largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros and is recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?

Introduction / Context:
Wildlife and conservation related questions are common in general knowledge sections. The Indian one horned rhinoceros is an iconic endangered species, and its main stronghold is a famous national park in the state of Assam. This park is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, making it an important topic for environment and geography questions.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The question asks which national park has the worlds largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros.
- Options include Mrugavani, Kaziranga, Manas, Gir and Ranthambore National Parks.
- We assume the question refers to the officially recognised main habitat of this species within India.

Concept / Approach:
The key concept is to match specific flagship species with their primary protected areas. The Indian one horned rhinoceros is most strongly associated with Kaziranga National Park in Assam, which holds the largest remaining population. Other parks may have small numbers or host different flagship animals. Memorising such associations helps in quickly eliminating distractor options.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Kaziranga National Park in Assam is widely known for its dense population of one horned rhinoceros. Step 2: Recognise that Kaziranga is often featured in documentaries and news reports about rhino conservation. Step 3: Compare this with Manas National Park, which also lies in Assam but is more commonly discussed for its overall biodiversity and past conservation challenges. Step 4: Note that Gir National Park in Gujarat is famous primarily for Asiatic lions, not rhinos. Step 5: Understand that Mrugavani and Ranthambore are known for other species and do not hold the largest rhino population.

Verification / Alternative check:
As a verification step, think about how exam materials and environmental articles repeatedly mention Kaziranga when discussing the success story of rhino conservation in India. The park hosts a large proportion of the global population of this species, which is why it appears in superlative based questions. Since none of the other parks are described as the primary home of the Indian one horned rhinoceros, this confirms your selection.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Mrugavani National Park is a small park in Telangana and is not known for rhinos.
Manas National Park is a World Heritage Site in Assam but has a smaller rhino population compared to Kaziranga, and is not usually described as having the largest population.
Gir National Park is famous worldwide as the last natural home of the Asiatic lion, not the one horned rhinoceros.
Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan is best known for its tiger population and fort, not for rhinos.

Common Pitfalls:
Some candidates may confuse Kaziranga and Manas because both are located in Assam and are World Heritage Sites. Others might be distracted by more famous parks like Gir or Ranthambore and forget the specific species being asked about. To avoid these errors, create a short list of key species and their primary parks, such as lions in Gir, rhinos in Kaziranga and tigers in reserves like Ranthambore or Corbett.

Final Answer:
The national park that has the worlds largest population of the Indian one horned rhinoceros is Kaziranga National Park.