According to the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG), it will add as much as 56.6 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of crude oil refining capacity in the next seven years (by 2030). What is the rank of India in crude oil refining?

### Concept & Fact India is a major player in the global downstream petroleum sector and holds a significant position in global crude oil refining capacity. ### Step-by-Step Solution * Globally, the leading nations in crude oil refining capacity are the United States, China, and Russia. * India closely follows these top three nations, possessing the fourth-largest refining capacity in the world. * The expansion plans announced by the MoPNG aim to further solidify and expand this capacity by 2030. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut For global commodity and energy rankings, India frequently ranks within the top 5 (e.g., 3rd in energy consumption, 4th in refining capacity). Linking these specific statistics mentally helps with recall. ### Common Pitfall Mistaking India's rank in energy *consumption* (which is 3rd) with its rank in crude oil *refining* capacity (which is 4th). Pay attention to the specific metric being asked. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **4th**.