Biological control and protozoa — members of which protozoan group are investigated as biological control agents against insect pests?
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AMicrospora (microsporidia)
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BSarcomastigophora
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CApicomplexa
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DAll of these
Answer
Correct Answer: Microspora (microsporidia)
Explanation
Introduction:Some protozoan groups include obligate intracellular parasites of insects. These organisms can reduce pest populations and are studied as biological control agents.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- Target is “biological control of insects.”
- We compare several protozoan phyla.
Concept / Approach:Microsporidia (historically placed among protozoa; now often considered fungi-related) are well-known insect pathogens used or explored in biocontrol programs (e.g., Nosema spp.). Apicomplexans infect many vertebrates and invertebrates, but microsporidia have the strongest record for insect biocontrol.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify group with established insect infections: Microspora ✔Assess Sarcomastigophora: not prominent as insect biocontrol ✔Assess Apicomplexa: insect infections occur but not primary biocontrol focus compared with microsporidia ✔Reject “All of these” because evidence is strongest and practical for microsporidia ✘Verification / Alternative check:Entomological literature cites Nosema locustae for orthopteran control; multiple Nosema species infect lepidopterans and dipterans.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Sarcomastigophora: few cases as formal biocontrols.
- Apicomplexa: less established for deliberate control.
- All of these: overbroad given practical usage.
Common Pitfalls:Assuming any parasite of insects is automatically a biocontrol agent; practical deployment history matters.
Final Answer:Microspora (microsporidia)