Engineering Materials Questions

• Blast furnace practice — primary fuel used for smelting iron ore In ironmaking, which fuel is charged and blown with hot air to provide both heat and reducing conditions inside a modern blast furnace?
• Bessemer converter operation — interpreting the white flame During basic or acid Bessemer conversion of hot metal, the flame observed at the converter mouth changes character as refining proceeds. The appearance of a strong white flame generally indicates that silicon and manganese have been largely oxidized and that oxidation of carbon has begun. Evaluate this statement.
• Heat treatment choice for castings — most common stress-relief and structure refinement step For as-cast components that need reduced residual stress and improved machinability, which heat treatment is most commonly applied immediately after casting?
• Blast furnace slag — composition and common uses Which statement best describes typical blast furnace slag and its practical applications after granulation or air cooling?
• Critical transformations on heating steel — name of the starting point During heating of plain carbon steel, what is the conventional name for the temperature point at which the allotropic/metallurgical change first begins (i.e., the start of the critical transformation on heating)?
• Role of limestone in the blast furnace — function of the lime produced In the blast furnace burden, limestone (CaCO3) decomposes to lime (CaO) and carbon dioxide. What is the principal function of the lime thus formed during smelting?
• Heat treatment of steels — identify the incorrect statement Which one of the following statements about spheroidising and annealing of steels is wrong?
• Blast furnace anatomy — name the portion above the widest cross-section In an iron-making blast furnace, the part located above the widest cross-section is called:
• Crystal structure identification — FCC metals State whether the following is correct: “Face-centred cubic (FCC) lattice is found in gamma-iron, aluminium, copper, lead, silver, and nickel.”
• Grain size in steels — effect of cooling from critical temperatures Slow cooling of steel from the __________ tends to produce a coarse-grained structure. Fill in the blank.
• Bronze vs. brass — relative corrosion resistance In general engineering service, the corrosion resistance of bronzes is __________ compared with brasses.
• Fundamental material property — definition of malleability Malleability is the property of a material by virtue of which the material:
• Failure behaviour — tensile loading of brittle materials When brittle materials are subjected to tensile loads, they typically fail by snapping without any significant plastic elongation. Is this statement correct?
• Improving castability of aluminium — effect of alloying The casting ability (fluidity and soundness) of aluminium improves most significantly when which element is added?
• Thermal profile of a blast furnace — comparing zones The temperature in the upper part of a blast furnace (zone of reduction) is __________ the temperature in the middle part of the furnace.
• Bessemer steelmaking — refractory lining for the acidic process In the acidic Bessemer (acid converter) process, the converter is lined with:
• Non-ferrous alloys — composition identification: Which composition most closely represents a typical silicon bronze used for corrosion-resistant hardware and marine fasteners?
• Blast furnace operation — temperature zoning: In the middle region of a blast furnace (often called the zone of absorption or indirect reduction), the typical bulk temperature range is approximately:
• Crystal defects — classification check: Which of the following are point imperfections (zero-dimensional defects) in crystalline solids?
• Surface hardening routes — simultaneous absorption: Name the heat-treatment process in which both carbon and nitrogen are absorbed into the steel surface to increase hardness and wear resistance.