In management control terminology, what is the approach called when a manager focuses attention on exceptions—situations that deviate from plan or are out of control—rather than routine, in-tolerance operations?

Introduction / Context:
Managers cannot scrutinize every detail continuously. A classic principle of managerial control is to focus scarce attention on anomalies—cost overruns, missed targets, and out-of-spec conditions—while letting stable processes run with minimal intervention. This approach improves efficiency and responsiveness.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Performance is tracked against plans, budgets, or control limits.
• Information systems can flag deviations using thresholds or statistical rules.
• The manager needs to prioritize corrective action where risk is highest.

Concept / Approach:

Management by exception is the practice of intervening when metrics fall outside acceptable ranges. Reports and dashboards surface exceptions through alerts, color coding, or exception reports. This allows leaders to concentrate on causes and countermeasures rather than routine, in-tolerance operations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Management accounting and quality control literature use this term for variance analysis and SPC-based interventions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Control: Generic term; not specific to exceptions.

Predictive reports: Concern forecasts, not deviations per se.

Relevant: Not a recognized control approach label in this context.

None: Incorrect because a standard term exists.

Common Pitfalls:

Chasing every metric change; only statistically significant or threshold-breaking deviations should trigger action to avoid over-control.

Final Answer:

management by exception