Decision-making – Heat-wave preparedness across districts Statement: Daytime temperatures this summer are 4–5 °C above normal across the country. Courses of Action: I. Alert all district headquarters to send prompt reports of heat-wave deaths within their jurisdiction. II. Place government machinery on high alert with necessary equipment to prevent untoward incidents. III. Arrange adequate drinking-water supply across areas affected by extreme heat waves.

Introduction / Context:
Excess heat is a public-health emergency. Effective response combines surveillance, preparedness, and direct relief. We must judge which actions are justified by a nationwide 4–5 °C anomaly above normal.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Anomalously high temperatures are widespread.
• Heat can cause dehydration, heatstroke, and mortality.
• Authorities can coordinate health, water, and disaster-management services.

Concept / Approach:
Heat-wave plans typically include mortality/morbidity surveillance, readiness of emergency services, and provision of water/cooling support. All three proposed actions are standard.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
WHO/NDMA-style heat-action plans emphasize surveillance, alerts, and hydration infrastructure. The triad is coherent and complete.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Only single or dual combinations under-respond to a widespread hazard.
• “Only III” ignores preparedness and surveillance.

Common Pitfalls:
Focusing only on relief while neglecting data and readiness; reacting after casualties occur.

Final Answer:
All follow