Oxy-acetylene technique — what does “Linde welding” typically use? Traditional “Linde” oxy-acetylene practice emphasizes smooth bead and sheet work. Which combination of flame type and torch travel technique is most associated with it?

Introduction / Context:
Oxy-acetylene welding offers multiple flame chemistries (carburising, neutral, oxidising) and two principal techniques: forehand (leftward) and backhand (rightward). The choice influences bead shape, penetration, and oxidation control, especially on steels and nonferrous metals.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• “Linde welding” refers historically to the Linde oxy-acetylene method popular in instructional texts.
• Goal: identify the typical pairing of flame and technique associated with that method.
• Base metals: thin to moderate sections where smooth travel and surface quality matter.

Concept / Approach:
The Linde approach classically demonstrates a neutral flame to avoid excess oxygen or carbon pickup and employs forehand (leftward) technique for sheet and light sections. Leftward travel positions the torch ahead of filler, promoting preheat of the joint line and good puddle control. Oxidising or carburising flames are specialized choices for certain materials and are not the default.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Training manuals illustrate leftward technique for thin sheet with neutral flame profiles showing sharply defined inner cones and proper feather length control.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Right-ward with neutral flame: used on thicker sections; not the typical Linde pairing.
• Oxidising or carburising flames: risk surface defects or composition changes when used indiscriminately.
• Backhand weaving only: weaving is optional and not a defining feature.

Common Pitfalls:
Misidentifying flame by cone appearance; using oxidising flame on alloys prone to oxidation; confusing leftward/rightward terminology with hand dominance.

Final Answer: