J–K flip-flop excitation table: Evaluate the statement “An excitation table lists the present state, the next state, and the J and K levels required to produce each transition.” State whether this describes a standard excitation table correctly.

Introduction / Context:
Excitation tables are design tools for determining input requirements that yield desired state transitions in sequential circuits. For the J–K flip-flop, the table specifies which J and K input combinations are needed to move from a current state to a target next state. This item checks your familiarity with that definition.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Present state (Q_n) and next state (Q_{n+1}) are considered.
• The goal is to compute required inputs (J, K) to cause the transition.
• J–K behavior: J=1,K=0→set; J=0,K=1→reset; J=0,K=0→no change; J=1,K=1→toggle.

Concept / Approach:
An excitation table inverses the usual truth table perspective. Instead of “given inputs, find next state,” it answers “given present and desired next state, what inputs are needed?” This is vital in designing sequential logic (e.g., counters or state machines) using J–K devices by mapping transitions to input equations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare with textbook excitation tables; results match standard definitions and are used in designing synchronous counters.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Incorrect” contradicts the accepted structure. Options limiting the concept to T flip-flops or latches misunderstand the generality of excitation tables.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing truth tables (inputs→next state) with excitation tables (transition→required inputs), and forgetting “don’t care” flexibility when minimizing logic.

Final Answer:
Correct