Data Sufficiency — Family Tree (Granddaughter) Is V the granddaughter of B? I. B is the father of M. M is the sister of T. T is the mother of F. II. S is the son of F. V is the daughter of F. R is the brother of T.

Introduction / Context:The task is to judge sufficiency (not to output Yes/No), for deciding whether V is B’s granddaughter given two partial family statements.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I: B→(children) M and T (since B is father of M and M is sister of T). T→F.
• II: F→children S (son) and V (daughter). R is T’s brother (consistent with I).

Concept / Approach:To know if V is B’s granddaughter, we must connect V to B via B’s child. From I, F is child of T, and T is child of B ⇒ F is B’s grandchild. From II, V is child of F ⇒ V is B’s great-grandchild, not granddaughter.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Neither I nor II alone mentions both generations needed to classify V relative to B; together they settle it uniquely.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• I alone lacks who V is.
• II alone never mentions B.
• Either alone: insufficient.
• Not sufficient even together: false.

Common Pitfalls:Confusing granddaughter with great-granddaughter; overlooking that “sister/brother” implies same parent (B).

Final Answer:Both statements together are sufficient; neither alone is sufficient.