Thyroid health — Iodine is an integral component of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and is essential for the prevention of which classic disorder?

Introduction / Context:
Iodine is required to synthesize thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). When iodine intake is inadequate, the thyroid enlarges in an attempt to trap more iodine and maintain hormone output, leading to a goiter. Public health programs commonly use iodized salt to prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Thyroid hormones regulate growth, metabolism, and neurodevelopment.
• Low iodine intake reduces hormone synthesis and increases TSH stimulation.
• Thyroid hypertrophy results in goiter formation.

Concept / Approach:
Connect nutrient to hormone and to clinical manifestation. The hallmark preventable disorder tied directly to iodine deficiency is goiter, although the full spectrum of IDD includes cretinism and hypothyroidism in infants and children.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Population iodization programs dramatically reduce goiter prevalence and improve developmental outcomes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Associating weight changes or fatigue nonspecifically; goiter is the structural hallmark of chronic deficiency.

Final Answer:
Goiter.