With which country has India recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to cooperate on water conservation projects and efficient water management in India?

Introduction / Context:
This general knowledge question tests awareness of recent international cooperation related to water conservation in India. Water scarcity, climate change and inefficient usage have made water management a central policy priority, so India has been signing Memorandums of Understanding with technologically advanced countries. The question specifically asks the learner to recall which country recently signed an MoU with India for water conservation efforts within India, making it a common topic in competitive examinations that focus on current affairs and environmental governance.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• India has signed a recent Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation on water conservation.
• The cooperation is aimed at water conservation activities within India.
• The listed partner countries are France, Germany, Israel and Bangladesh.
• The question refers to a widely reported recent MoU on water conservation and efficient water use.

Concept / Approach:
To answer this question correctly, a learner must connect current affairs about international cooperation in water technology with India. Israel is globally known for its advanced water management practices, including drip irrigation, desalination, wastewater recycling and efficient agricultural water use. News about India Israel water cooperation has been particularly prominent. Therefore, the conceptual approach is to recall which of the listed countries has a reputation for advanced water technology and was highlighted in news related to Indian water conservation initiatives.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Read the question carefully and note that it is about an MoU on water conservation in India. Step 2: Observe the options: France, Germany, Israel and Bangladesh. Step 3: Recall which country is globally recognised for leading techniques in drip irrigation, desalination and water recycling. Step 4: Remember that Israel and India have recently expanded cooperation in agriculture, water conservation and irrigation technologies through official agreements. Step 5: Cross check mentally that France, Germany and Bangladesh have important relations with India but are not the primary partners highlighted for cutting edge water conservation MoUs in recent current affairs. Step 6: Conclude that the correct option is Israel.

Verification / Alternative check:
A second way to verify the answer is to rely on thematic association. When thinking about modern water management, micro irrigation and desert agriculture, students often recall Israel as a model country that transformed arid regions into productive farmland. News reports have repeatedly mentioned India seeking Israeli expertise in drip irrigation and efficient water use. None of the other options have such a strong, distinctive global identity in this specific field, which further confirms that Israel is the partner country mentioned in the question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
France: France cooperates with India in several sectors, but it is not the country most prominently associated with recent water conservation MoUs in India.
Germany: Germany supports environmental projects, but the notable water conservation technology cooperation highlighted in Indian current affairs is with Israel, not Germany.
Bangladesh: Bangladesh shares rivers and water concerns with India, but the question refers to a formal MoU on water conservation technology and management, for which Israel is the recognised partner.

Common Pitfalls:
A common mistake is to guess a country based only on general diplomatic ties rather than specific issue based cooperation. Learners sometimes choose France or Germany because they are advanced economies. Another error is to overthink the geographical closeness of Bangladesh and assume that a neighbouring country must be the answer. The safe strategy is to link water technology leadership with Israel and recall news about India Israel agreements on water conservation and agriculture. Paying attention to sector specific cooperation in current affairs helps avoid such confusion in similar questions.

Final Answer:
The correct answer is Israel as the country with which India recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding for cooperation on water conservation in India.