Temperature dependence of the temperature coefficient in metals Near room temperature and over a moderate range, how does the temperature coefficient of resistance α for a typical pure metal behave as temperature increases?

Introduction / Context:
Engineers often model metal resistors using R(T) = R0 * [1 + α * (T − T0)], where α is the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). Understanding how α behaves with temperature guides selection of materials for precision resistors and sensors.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Pure, well-annealed metals near room temperature (say 0–100 °C).
• Small to moderate temperature excursions where a linear approximation is appropriate.
• Neglecting impurity and structural changes with T.

Concept / Approach:
In many pure metals, resistivity ρ(T) is approximately linear over a modest interval: ρ(T) ≈ ρ0 * [1 + α * (T − T0)]. In this regime, α can be treated as nearly constant. Over very wide temperature ranges, α is not strictly constant; it may vary due to phonon spectrum effects and impurity or saturation scattering, but that lies beyond the simple linear model.

Step-by-Step Solution:
State the linear model: R(T) = R0 * [1 + α * (T − T0)].For small ΔT near room temperature, treat α as a constant parameter specified by datasheets.Recognize deviations at cryogenic or very high temperatures where α can change.Therefore, the best general statement for moderate ranges is that α remains approximately constant.

Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets for copper, platinum, and nickel resistors quote a near-constant α around 20–25 °C for metrology purposes (e.g., PT100 sensors use a standardized α in a limited range).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“Always increases/decreases” asserts behavior over all temperatures, which is not universally true. Negative α is typical of semiconductors or carbon at certain ranges, not pure metals. Oscillatory α with T is not a recognized property for pure metals.

Common Pitfalls:
Using a single α across hundreds of degrees without recalibration; the linear model is local in temperature.

Final Answer:
Remains approximately constant over a moderate range