ICAI architecture (Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction): which system component is responsible for presenting information and guiding the learner during instruction?

Introduction / Context:
Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) systems extend traditional CAI by adding AI-driven adaptivity. They commonly include a domain (expertise) model, a student model, and a tutoring (pedagogical) module. This question asks which component actively presents material and orchestrates instructional interactions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We consider the standard three-model ICAI architecture.
• “Presenting information” includes explanations, hints, feedback, and task sequencing.
• The student model stores knowledge states; the expertise module stores domain knowledge.

Concept / Approach:
The tutoring module (also called the pedagogical or instructional module) controls how content is delivered based on student-model inferences and domain knowledge. It decides when to show examples, when to step in with a hint, and how to adapt difficulty. The student model does not present content; it tracks learner proficiency. The problem-solving expertise (domain model) encodes subject matter and solution strategies but does not directly manage presentation flow.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic ICAI literature defines the tutoring/pedagogical module as the component that chooses instructional actions and communicates them to the learner interface.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “who decides” (tutoring module) with “what to teach” (domain model) and “to whom” (student model).

Final Answer:
tutoring module