Integrated circuit (IC) scales: fill in the blanks. Small-scale integration (_____) typically refers to fewer than about 12 gates per chip; medium-scale integration (MSI) spans roughly 12 to 100 gates; large-scale integration (LSI) refers to more than _____ gates per chip.

Introduction / Context:
Historically, integrated circuits were categorized by gate count per chip: SSI, MSI, LSI, and later VLSI/ULSI. While exact boundaries vary across textbooks, a widely taught convention places MSI up to about 100 gates and LSI above 100 gates (until VLSI crosses the thousand-gate mark).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• SSI: fewer than ~10–12 gates per chip.
• MSI: approximately 12–100 gates per chip.
• LSI: more than ~100 gates per chip (up to ~1000 in many older references).

Concept / Approach:
Because the stem explicitly states MSI as 12 to 100 gates, the next tier (LSI) must start above 100. Therefore, the correct completion is SSI for the first blank and 100 for the second blank, aligning with the traditional banding.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Classic digital design texts define SSI/MSI/LSI with these approximate thresholds; VLSI typically begins at >1000 gates historically, underscoring that LSI > 100 is the intended boundary here.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming exact, universally fixed boundaries; remember these are historical categories used for teaching and vary slightly by source.

Final Answer:
SSI, 100