Statement:\nThere is an anomalous situation in India: food production exceeds 200 million tonnes and 40 million tonnes of foodgrains lie in godowns, yet millions lack food security.\nConclusions:\nI. People do not have sufficient purchasing power to buy food.\nII. The Indian government exports most of the foodgrains.

Introduction / Context:
The statement contrasts abundant national food output and stocks with persistent lack of food security for millions. We must infer which conclusion necessarily follows from this juxtaposition, relying only on the information given.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Production > 200 million tonnes.
• Stocks ≈ 40 million tonnes in godowns.
• Millions still lack food security (regular physical and economic access to adequate food).
• No explicit mention of exports.

Concept / Approach:
Food security requires availability, access (including purchasing power), and utilization. The statement establishes availability (production + stocks) but simultaneously asserts insecurity for millions. Therefore, the shortage is not about availability; it points to failure in access—which, in economic terms, often reduces to insufficient purchasing power and/or distribution access. Since the statement does not say anything about exports (quantities, policies), we cannot conclude that “most” grains are exported.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) With ample supply present, persistent insecurity must be due to access constraints.2) Purchasing power is a core access constraint at the household level → supports I.3) II posits heavy exports; the statement gives no such data → does not follow.

Verification / Alternative check:
If the statement had said “most stocks are exported,” II would follow. Lacking that, we adhere to the food-security framework: availability is satisfied, so access (including purchasing power) is the binding constraint.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only II/Either/Neither: each ignores the clear availability vs access contrast embedded in the statement.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming exports explain everything; forgetting that food security is not only about tons produced but about people’s ability to obtain food.

Final Answer:
if only conclusion I follows