In Indian religious and cultural geography, this question asks you to identify in which country the Golden Temple of Amritsar, a major Sikh pilgrimage site also known as Harmandir Sahib, is located.

Introduction / Context:
The Golden Temple of Amritsar, also known as Harmandir Sahib, is one of the most important religious and cultural landmarks for followers of Sikhism and for India as a whole. It is frequently mentioned in questions about pilgrimage centres, architecture, and national heritage. This question tests whether you can correctly associate the Golden Temple with its country.

Given Data / Assumptions:
The monument is the Golden Temple of Amritsar.
Amritsar is a city in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
The options for the country are Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, and India.
We assume the question refers to the main Sikh temple complex with a gold plated sanctum surrounded by a holy tank of water.

Concept / Approach:
Amritsar is a city in the Indian state of Punjab. The Golden Temple, located at its centre, attracts devotees and visitors from around the world. While Pakistan also borders Punjab and has important Sikh heritage sites, the Golden Temple itself is on the Indian side of the border. Bangladesh and China are geographically further away and have no city named Amritsar. Therefore, associating Amritsar with India leads directly to the correct answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Amritsar is in the Indian state of Punjab, near the border with Pakistan. Step 2: Remember that the Golden Temple or Harmandir Sahib is located in this city and is a key Sikh shrine in India. Step 3: Check the given country options and locate India among Bangladesh, Pakistan, China, and India. Step 4: Eliminate Bangladesh and China, since neither has a city called Amritsar that houses the Golden Temple. Step 5: Eliminate Pakistan, rich in Sikh history but not the location of this particular temple, and choose India.

Verification / Alternative check:
Tourism brochures, pilgrimage guides, and Indian school textbooks all point out that the Golden Temple is in Amritsar, Punjab, India. It is a major symbol of Indian secular and religious heritage, and national events often include images of it. The Wagah border crossing between India and Pakistan is near Amritsar, which also reinforces the city's Indian location in the minds of travellers.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Bangladesh: A neighbouring country to the east of India that does not contain the city of Amritsar or the Golden Temple complex.
Pakistan: Home to several Sikh heritage gurdwaras, such as Nankana Sahib, but not to the Golden Temple of Amritsar, which lies on the Indian side of the border.
China: A large country in East Asia with different cultural and religious landmarks; it does not include Amritsar or Harmandir Sahib.

Common Pitfalls:
Some candidates confuse Indian and Pakistani Punjab when in a hurry and may mistakenly mark Pakistan simply because of the word Punjab. To avoid this, always remember that Amritsar and the Golden Temple are on the Indian side, whereas Nankana Sahib and some other Sikh shrines are on the Pakistani side. Keeping these pairs in mind helps prevent mix ups.

Final Answer:
The Golden Temple of Amritsar is located in India.