Statement: “God bless all the parents whose children passed away in the Yamuna waters,” says a student.\nAssumptions I & II:\nI. The student believes in God (invokes blessing sincerely or idiomatically).\nII. Some children have died by drowning in the Yamuna.\nChoose the option that correctly identifies which assumption(s) is/are implicit.

Introduction / Context:
The utterance expresses condolence and invokes divine blessing for bereaved parents whose children “passed away in the Yamuna waters.” We must determine which background beliefs the statement takes for granted.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• I. The speaker believes in (or at least meaningfully invokes) God's blessing.
• II. There has been a drowning tragedy in the Yamuna involving children.

Concept / Approach:
An assumption is necessary if, without it, the utterance would lose its intended sense. The blessing presumes both a tragedy occurred and that invoking God’s blessing is an intelligible act for the speaker.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Content: the speaker references parents “whose children passed away in the Yamuna,” presupposing such deaths occurred (Assumption II).2) Illocutionary force: saying “God bless” presumes the speaker is appealing to divine grace as meaningful; even if idiomatic, the act assumes belief in the efficacy or appropriateness of invoking God’s blessing (Assumption I).3) Both I and II are thus required to make the utterance coherent and contextually appropriate.

Verification / Alternative check:
If no such deaths occurred, the statement would be baseless. If invoking God were meaningless to the speaker, the form of condolence would be incoherent as chosen.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I or only II: each omits a necessary part of the background. Either I or II: both are needed. Neither: plainly false.

Common Pitfalls:
Arguing that idiomatic use negates belief; even idioms rely on shared meaning about “God bless” as a fitting condolence.

Final Answer:
Both I and II are implicit.