Question 1

In the context of Maratha history, what was Chauth as introduced under the leadership of Shivaji?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Understanding terms like Chauth is important for grasping the revenue and administrative policies of the Maratha state under Shivaji and his successors. Such terms regularly appear in history questions for competitive examinations. This particular question asks you to recall the meaning of Chauth in Maratha practice, distinguishing it from other forms of taxation in medieval India. Given Data / Assumptions: - The question focuses on the term Chauth in the context of Maratha history and Shivaji.- The options relate to different types of taxes and charges such as religious taxes, tolls, land revenue and irrigation fees.- We assume awareness that Chauth was associated mainly with Maratha claims on territories beyond their directly administered lands. Concept / Approach: Chauth literally means one fourth. In Maratha fiscal practice, Chauth was a tax or tribute typically amounting to one fourth of the assessed land revenue of an area. It was collected by the Marathas from neighbouring Mughal or other territories in return for protection or non interference. It was not a religious tax like the jizya, nor a simple toll or irrigation charge. Connecting the literal meaning of Chauth as one fourth with Maratha revenue policy helps identify the correct description among the options. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Chauth literally refers to one fourth.2. Understand that in Maratha policy, Chauth was a levy claimed from neighbouring rulers or territories, usually fixed at one fourth of the land revenue.3. Eliminate options that clearly relate to other rulers, such as religious taxes imposed by Aurangzeb or irrigation taxes by Akbar.4. Distinguish Chauth from simple toll taxes on goods and from local market fees.5. Select the option that describes Chauth as a land revenue charge of about one fourth imposed by Shivaji on neighbouring states. Verification / Alternative check: History textbooks on the Marathas typically mention two important levies: Chauth, usually one fourth of the land revenue, and Sardeshmukhi, often an additional tenth. These were claimed from territories not directly under Maratha administration. By checking this information in reliable sources, you can confirm that Chauth fits the description of a land revenue share demanded by the Marathas, rather than any of the other types of taxes listed in the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - A religious tax imposed by Aurangzeb on non Muslims: this description fits the jizya, not Chauth.- A toll tax levied by Shivaji on goods moving through his territory: while tolls existed, Chauth referred specifically to a share of land revenue in neighbouring regions.- An irrigation tax started by Akbar on canal water: Akbar introduced various revenue reforms, but this has no link with Chauth.- A market fee collected by village headmen in Deccan regions: local market fees were separate and not known by the term Chauth in Maratha fiscal history. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse Chauth with Sardeshmukhi or with religious taxes under the Mughals. Another error is to think of Chauth as a simple toll on trade, because it could be associated with Maratha presence on trade routes. To avoid these mistakes, remember the numerical meaning of the term, one fourth, and link it directly with the idea of Marathas demanding a share of land revenue from neighbouring territories, often as a condition for protection or non aggression. Keeping this association in mind makes it much easier to eliminate incorrect options in the exam hall. Final Answer: Chauth was a land revenue charge imposed by Shivaji on neighbouring states, usually one fourth of the assessed revenue.

Question 2

Khordad Sal is a religious festival celebrated by which Indian community to commemorate the birth of Prophet Zarathustra or Zoroaster?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: India is home to many religious communities and festivals. Khordad Sal is one such festival that appears in general knowledge questions related to Indian culture and religion. The question here tests whether you can correctly identify which community celebrates Khordad Sal and understand its significance, especially for examinations dealing with social and cultural awareness. Given Data / Assumptions: - The festival mentioned is Khordad Sal.- The options list several religious communities present in India.- We assume the conventional association of Khordad Sal with the birth anniversary of Prophet Zarathustra, also known as Zoroaster. Concept / Approach: Khordad Sal is a festival of the Parsi community, which follows the Zoroastrian faith. It marks the birth of Prophet Zarathustra, the founder of Zoroastrianism, according to the traditional Zoroastrian calendar. The Parsi community in India, especially in cities like Mumbai and parts of Gujarat, observes this day with prayers, special gatherings, charitable activities and family celebrations. Other communities listed in the options have their own distinct festivals and do not traditionally celebrate Khordad Sal, which makes it straightforward to match this festival with the Parsi community. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recognise the name Khordad Sal as being linked to Zoroastrian tradition and Prophet Zarathustra.2. Recall that in India, followers of the Zoroastrian faith are known as Parsis.3. Observe that the Sikh, Jain, Hindu and Buddhist communities have other major festivals such as Gurpurab, Mahavir Jayanti, Diwali and Vesak, which are not called Khordad Sal.4. Match the festival Khordad Sal with the Parsi community from the options provided.5. Conclude that the Parsi community is the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Reliable sources on Indian festivals and encyclopedias on world religions describe Khordad Sal as a Zoroastrian observance. They explain that it falls on the sixth day of the first month in the Zoroastrian calendar and is widely celebrated by Parsis in India and Zoroastrians elsewhere. Cross checking with such references confirms that Khordad Sal is not associated with Sikhism, Jainism, Hinduism or Buddhism. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Sikh community: major Sikh festivals include Gurpurabs and Baisakhi, not Khordad Sal.- Jain community: important Jain festivals are Mahavir Jayanti and Paryushan, different from Khordad Sal.- Hindu community: while Hindus celebrate many festivals such as Diwali and Holi, Khordad Sal is not traditionally one of them.- Buddhist community: key Buddhist observances include Vesak and Asalha Puja, not Khordad Sal. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse Khordad Sal with general Persian sounding terms and may incorrectly link it with other communities. Another mistake is to rely only on familiarity with larger communities like Hindus and Sikhs and randomly choose one of them. To avoid such confusion, it is helpful to remember that Parsis are followers of Zoroastrianism, that their places of worship are called fire temples and that special days like Khordad Sal and Navroz are central to their religious life. Keeping these key associations in mind makes questions about the Parsi community easier to answer. Final Answer: Khordad Sal is a religious festival celebrated by the Parsi community.

Question 3

In Indian art history, which famous painter is popularly known as the Barefoot Painter due to his habit of painting without wearing footwear?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Questions on Indian art and artists are a regular feature in many competitive exams. Certain artists are associated with distinctive styles, themes or even personal habits that become part of their popular image. This question refers to the nickname Barefoot Painter and asks you to identify the artist commonly known by this title. Knowing such associations helps you answer art and culture questions quickly and confidently. Given Data / Assumptions: - The nickname given is Barefoot Painter.- The options list several important Indian painters from different periods.- We assume awareness of the public image and style of modern Indian painters. Concept / Approach: M F Husain, a leading figure in modern Indian art, was widely known for moving about barefoot in public, including at exhibitions and events. This personal habit led the media and the public to refer to him as the Barefoot Painter. He was also recognised for his bold lines, dynamic compositions and frequent use of horses and other strong motifs in his paintings. The other options, while very important in Indian art history, are not associated with this specific nickname. Therefore, the correct answer is M F Husain. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall the personal image of M F Husain, including his habit of going barefoot.2. Identify that this habit became so well known that he earned the popular title Barefoot Painter.3. Compare the other artists: Raja Ravi Varma is noted for realistic mythological paintings, Jamini Roy for folk inspired styles, Amrita Sher Gil for modernist figurative work and Abanindranath Tagore for Bengal School paintings.4. Recognise that none of these other artists are popularly known as Barefoot Painter.5. Choose M F Husain as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Biographical articles and media reports on M F Husain often refer to him as the Barefoot Painter. They mention that he walked barefoot as a personal choice as well as a symbolic gesture reflecting simplicity and connection with the common people. Checking such sources confirms that this nickname is specifically linked with him and not with the other painters listed in the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Raja Ravi Varma: famous for combining European realism with Indian themes, but not linked with the Barefoot Painter nickname.- Amrita Sher Gil: an important modernist artist, known for her expressive portraits and rural scenes, without this particular title.- Jamini Roy: celebrated for his folk inspired style based on Kalighat paintings, but not identified as the Barefoot Painter.- Abanindranath Tagore: founder of the Bengal School of Art, again with no such popular nickname. Common Pitfalls: Some students may mix up modern Indian painters and forget which nickname belongs to whom, especially when questioned under exam pressure. Others may guess based on who seems more traditional or more modern without recalling any specific fact. To avoid this, try to associate a few key terms with each major artist. For example, link M F Husain with modernism, horses, controversy and the Barefoot Painter tag. Linking Jamini Roy with folk styles and Raja Ravi Varma with mythological realism will also strengthen your recall for related questions. Final Answer: The painter popularly known as the Barefoot Painter is M F Husain.

Question 4

The main headquarters of the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, is located in which city?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Sahitya Akademi is a premier institution dedicated to the promotion of literature in various Indian languages. General knowledge questions often ask about the headquarters of national academies and cultural bodies, because such information reflects awareness of India's institutional framework for arts and letters. This question checks whether you know in which city the central office of Sahitya Akademi is situated. Given Data / Assumptions: - The organisation mentioned is Sahitya Akademi, the National Academy of Letters.- Several major Indian metropolitan cities are provided as options.- It is understood that the headquarters refers to the main administrative and cultural office of the Akademi. Concept / Approach: Sahitya Akademi was established by the Government of India to promote Indian literature and functions as an autonomous body. Its main headquarters is located in New Delhi, which is the capital city of India and the location of many national level academies and councils. While the Akademi organises events and has regional offices or activities in other cities, the central office is based in New Delhi. Therefore, among the options given, New Delhi is the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify that the question is asking about the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi, not about any local office.2. Recall that most national academies such as Sahitya Akademi, Sangeet Natak Akademi and Lalit Kala Akademi are headquartered in New Delhi.3. Note that Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai and Bengaluru are important cultural centres but do not host the main headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.4. Match this knowledge to the options and select New Delhi.5. Confirm the choice by remembering images or references to Sahitya Akademi Hall and events held in New Delhi. Verification / Alternative check: Official information from Sahitya Akademi and standard general knowledge references state that its head office is located in New Delhi. They also describe literary award functions, book releases and seminars organised there. Such consistent references confirm that New Delhi is the correct city for the organisation's headquarters. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Mumbai: a major cultural and financial centre, but not the location of Sahitya Akademi headquarters.- Kolkata: historically important for literature, yet the Akademi's main office is not based here.- Chennai: an important southern city, but again not the headquarters of Sahitya Akademi.- Bengaluru: a major metropolitan city, but not the central location of this national literary institution. Common Pitfalls: Candidates sometimes confuse the cultural importance of cities like Kolkata and Mumbai with the physical location of national headquarters. While many well known authors and publishers are based in these cities, the administrative centres for national academies are usually in New Delhi. To minimise such errors, it is useful to remember a simple rule: when in doubt about the headquarters of a national cultural body in India, consider New Delhi as the first option and then verify with your study material. Final Answer: The main headquarters of Sahitya Akademi is located in New Delhi.

Question 5

Who was the first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Arts when it was established in the early twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: During the early twentieth century, Indian art saw a strong revival under the influence of the Bengal School and institutions such as the Indian Society of Oriental Arts. Scholarships given by these bodies played a crucial role in supporting emerging artists. This question asks about the first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Arts, which is a favourite detail in culture based general knowledge sections. Given Data / Assumptions: - The institution mentioned is the Indian Society of Oriental Arts, founded in the early twentieth century.- The options list several major artists associated with the Bengal School and modern Indian art.- We assume knowledge of which artist received the first scholarship from this society. Concept / Approach: Nandalal Bose was one of the leading figures of the Bengal School of Art and a direct disciple of Abanindranath Tagore. Historical accounts state that he was the first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Arts. This scholarship helped him refine his skills and eventually emerge as a major national artist and teacher. The other artists in the list are also prominent but did not receive this specific distinction as the first scholarship holder of the society, which allows us to identify Nandalal Bose as the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that the Indian Society of Oriental Arts was closely connected with the Bengal School and artists around Abanindranath Tagore.2. Identify Nandalal Bose as a key student of Abanindranath Tagore and an early star of the movement.3. Remember that historical notes mention Nandalal Bose as the first person to receive a scholarship from the society.4. Compare this with the other options: Abanindranath and Gaganendranath were founding figures, not scholarship recipients, and Jamini Roy and Raja Ravi Varma were associated with different trajectories.5. Based on this reasoning, select Nandalal Bose as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Art history references discussing the Indian Society of Oriental Arts and the early years of the Bengal School emphasise that Nandalal Bose received the first scholarship established by the society. They describe how this support enabled him to dedicate himself fully to art and later contribute significantly at institutions like Kala Bhavana at Santiniketan. Cross checking from multiple such references confirms that this detail is accurate. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Abanindranath Tagore: founder and guiding figure of the Bengal School, but he was not the first scholarship recipient of the society he helped inspire.- Gaganendranath Tagore: another important artist, yet no standard record identifies him as the first scholarship holder.- Jamini Roy: an influential modernist, but his training and patronage followed a different route, not this particular scholarship.- Raja Ravi Varma: a pioneering Indian painter of an earlier generation, with no connection to this specific scholarship. Common Pitfalls: It is easy to assume that the founder or the most famous artist linked to a movement automatically received the earliest scholarship. However, scholarships are usually aimed at younger or emerging talents. In this case, remembering that Nandalal Bose was a younger protégé of Abanindranath Tagore helps to avoid confusion. Another pitfall is mixing up different art institutions and their scholarships, so it is helpful to note that this scholarship belonged specifically to the Indian Society of Oriental Arts and was awarded first to Nandalal Bose. Final Answer: The first recipient of a scholarship offered by the Indian Society of Oriental Arts was Nandalal Bose.

Question 6

Which Indian city is especially famous for Chikankari, a traditional form of fine white embroidery work?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Indian textiles and embroidery traditions are an important area of cultural general knowledge. Chikankari is a delicate style of hand embroidery that features fine white thread work on lightweight fabrics. Recognising the city associated with this craft is useful for examinations related to tourism, culture and crafts of India. This question aims to test that specific association. Given Data / Assumptions: - The craft mentioned is Chikankari, a traditional embroidery form.- Multiple Indian cities known for different crafts and textiles are offered as options.- We assume awareness that certain crafts are strongly linked with specific urban centres. Concept / Approach: Chikankari is most closely associated with Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. The craft is often referred to as Lucknow Chikan work and is believed to have developed there under royal patronage. The embroidery typically uses white thread on light fabrics like muslin, cotton or chiffon, creating elegant and subtle designs. While other cities like Jaipur, Hyderabad or Mysuru have their own prominent crafts and textiles, Chikankari is uniquely linked in popular usage with Lucknow, which makes that option the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recognise that Chikankari is a form of embroidery widely known as Lucknow Chikan work.2. Recall that Lucknow has a long tradition of this craft, with many artisans and markets specialising in Chikankari garments.3. Compare the options: Jaipur is famous for block prints and bandhani, Mysuru for silk, Hyderabad for pearls and certain textiles, and Bhopal for other crafts.4. Note that only Lucknow consistently appears in references to Chikankari.5. Select Lucknow as the correct city. Verification / Alternative check: You can verify this association by looking at descriptions of Chikankari in tourism brochures, craft catalogues or cultural reference books. They often label products as Lucknow Chikan kurtas or saris. News reports and government documentation on geographical indications and handicrafts also reinforce the link between Chikankari and Lucknow, confirming your answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Hyderabad: popularly associated with pearls and certain kinds of zari work but not with Chikankari.- Mysuru: known for rich Mysore silk and sandalwood products, not for this specific embroidery style.- Jaipur: famous for block printing, blue pottery and jewellery, rather than Chikankari.- Bhopal: while culturally rich, it is not traditionally identified as the centre of Chikankari embroidery. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse various embroidery and textile traditions such as Chikankari, Phulkari, Kantha and Zardozi. Mixing city craft associations is a frequent source of mistakes. A good way to avoid this is to build a small mental map: link Lucknow with Chikankari, Amritsar and Punjab with Phulkari, West Bengal with Kantha and cities like Varanasi with Banarasi silk. Regular revision of these associations helps ensure that you select the correct city quickly during exams. Final Answer: Chikankari, the traditional fine white embroidery work, is especially associated with the city of Lucknow.

Question 7

In agriculture terminology, the cultivation of crops in regions where the annual rainfall is around 750 millimetres is generally classified as which type of farming?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Agricultural classifications based on rainfall are common topics in geography and agriculture sections of competitive exams. They help describe how farmers adapt their cropping practices in different climatic zones. This question focuses on identifying the correct category of farming for areas with about 750 millimetres of annual rainfall, using standard Indian agricultural terminology. Given Data / Assumptions: - The region mentioned receives an annual rainfall of around 750 millimetres.- Several types of farming are listed, including wet farming, intensive farming, rain fed farming and dry land farming.- We assume the widely used classification where dry farming, dry land farming and wet farming are separated by rainfall ranges. Concept / Approach: In many Indian agriculture texts, cultivation in areas receiving less than about 750 millimetres of rainfall per year is called dry farming, while cultivation in areas receiving more than roughly 750 millimetres but below a higher threshold is called dry land farming. Regions with very high rainfall are often associated with wet farming, and rain fed farming is a broader term for agriculture that depends mainly on rainfall rather than irrigation. At about 750 millimetres of rain, the classification generally shifts from dry farming to dry land farming. Therefore, for a region described as having annual rainfall around 750 millimetres, dry land farming is considered the correct category in many exam oriented references. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall the approximate rainfall based categories: less than about 750 millimetres is dry farming, around 750 to about 1150 millimetres is dry land farming, and higher values may fall under wet or rain fed farming in some schemes.2. Note that the question specifies around 750 millimetres, which is at the lower boundary of the dry land farming category.3. Recognise that wet farming usually corresponds to areas with significantly higher rainfall and assured water supply.4. Understand that intensive farming refers to high input, high output farming systems and is not defined purely by rainfall.5. Therefore, conclude that dry land farming is the best match for regions with around 750 millimetres of annual rainfall. Verification / Alternative check: Standard agriculture textbooks used for Indian competitive exams often define dry land farming as cultivation in regions receiving around 750 to about 1150 millimetres of rainfall, while wet farming is reserved for regions with even higher rainfall. These books provide clear tables listing rainfall ranges and corresponding farming types. By checking such a table, you can verify that a region with annual rainfall around 750 millimetres falls into the dry land farming category in most exam oriented classification schemes. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Wet farming: generally associated with areas that have high and reliable rainfall or irrigation facilities, beyond the typical range for dry land farming.- Intensive farming: describes the intensity of input use rather than a specific rainfall based category, so it does not answer the question directly.- Rain fed farming: a broad term for agriculture dependent on rainfall, but the question seeks a more specific category, namely dry land farming.- Plantation farming: refers to large scale cultivation of specific commercial crops such as tea, coffee or rubber, and is not defined primarily by this rainfall boundary. Common Pitfalls: Students often confuse the terms dry farming, dry land farming and rain fed farming because different sources sometimes use them loosely. In exam settings, however, they are usually associated with specific rainfall ranges, and questions are framed accordingly. To avoid mistakes, it is helpful to memorise a simple pattern: up to around 750 millimetres is dry farming, around 750 to about 1150 millimetres is dry land farming, and very high rainfall areas can be linked with wet or rain fed farming depending on the context. Keeping this structure in mind makes it easier to choose dry land farming for a region with approximately 750 millimetres of rainfall. Final Answer: The cultivation of crops in regions with annual rainfall around 750 millimetres is generally classified as dry land farming.

Question 8

Bhangra is a lively folk dance traditionally associated with which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Indian folk dances reflect the cultural identity and festive spirit of different regions. Bhangra is one of the most widely recognised folk dances, often seen in popular media as a symbol of energetic celebration. This question asks you to identify the Indian state with which Bhangra is traditionally associated, an important part of cultural general knowledge. Given Data / Assumptions: - The dance mentioned is Bhangra, described as a lively folk dance.- The options list several Indian states representing different parts of the country.- We assume awareness that each major folk dance has a primary state of origin. Concept / Approach: Bhangra originated in the agrarian culture of Punjab, where it was traditionally performed by farmers to celebrate harvests and festivals such as Vaisakhi. Over time it has become a global symbol of Punjabi culture, with characteristic energetic moves and rhythmic dhol beats. While neighbouring or other states may also enjoy Bhangra performances, its origin and strongest association remain with the state of Punjab. Therefore, among the options, Punjab is the correct choice. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall images and descriptions of Bhangra as a vibrant dance featuring men and women in colourful Punjabi attire.2. Connect this dance with Punjabi culture, Sikh festivals and celebrations of harvest in Punjab.3. Compare the options: Gujarat is associated with Garba and Dandiya, Rajasthan with Ghoomar, West Bengal with dances like Gaudiya forms, and Haryana with its own folk traditions.4. Recognise that only Punjab is universally identified as the home of Bhangra.5. Select Punjab as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Most cultural references, school textbooks and tourism materials describe Bhangra as a traditional folk dance of Punjab. International performances of Bhangra music and dance also explicitly highlight Punjabi roots. This consistent association across sources confirms that Punjab is the right answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Gujarat: famous for folk dances like Garba and Dandiya Raas, especially during Navratri.- Rajasthan: known for folk forms such as Ghoomar and Kalbeliya, not Bhangra.- West Bengal: associated with different dance and music traditions, including certain tribal and classical influenced forms.- Haryana: has its own folk dances such as Dhamaal and Ghoomar, but these are distinct from Punjabi Bhangra. Common Pitfalls: Because Bhangra music and dance are now popular across India and around the world, some students may forget its specific regional origin and think of it simply as a general Indian dance. Others may confuse it with other energetic dance forms from neighbouring states. To avoid this, it helps to memorise a simple link: Bhangra equals Punjab, Garba and Dandiya equal Gujarat, Ghoomar equals Rajasthan. Visualising typical costumes and musical instruments for each dance can further strengthen these associations in memory. Final Answer: Bhangra is a lively folk dance traditionally associated with the state of Punjab.

Question 9

Dollu Kunitha is a traditional folk dance form from which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Dollu Kunitha is one of the prominent folk dance forms of southern India, known for its powerful drum beats and synchronised group movements. Examinations on Indian culture often ask candidates to match such folk dances with their correct state of origin. This question specifically focuses on the regional association of Dollu Kunitha. Given Data / Assumptions: - The dance mentioned is Dollu Kunitha.- The options list several states from different parts of India.- We assume knowledge of the cultural mapping between folk dances and their states. Concept / Approach: Dollu Kunitha is a vigorous drum dance form traditionally performed by men in the state of Karnataka. Performers carry large drums called Dollu tied around their waists and dance in coordinated patterns, often in temple festivals and village celebrations. The dance is associated with the worship of local deities and with the cultural life of rural Karnataka. While other southern states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu have their own folk and classical dances, Dollu Kunitha is specifically linked with Karnataka. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify the name Dollu Kunitha as a dance involving drums, especially the Dollu drum.2. Recall that this form is widely documented as a folk dance of Karnataka, often seen in cultural festivals of that state.3. Consider that Kerala is known for dances like Kathakali and Mohiniattam, and Tamil Nadu for Bharatanatyam and various folk dances, but not Dollu Kunitha.4. Recognise that Bihar and Odisha have different folk traditions without prominent reference to Dollu Kunitha.5. Select Karnataka as the correct state associated with Dollu Kunitha. Verification / Alternative check: Cultural references, textbooks and tourism information for Karnataka highlight Dollu Kunitha as an iconic folk dance representing the energy and rhythm of the state. Visuals of Karnataka Republic Day tableaux or cultural programmes often feature Dollu Kunitha performers in traditional attire with large drums. This repeated association across different media confirms that Karnataka is the correct answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Kerala: renowned for Kathakali, Mohiniattam and other ritual dances, not Dollu Kunitha.- Bihar: associated with dances such as Jat Jatin and Jhijhiya, which differ in style and instruments.- Tamil Nadu: famous for Bharatanatyam and rural folk dances, but Dollu Kunitha is not among its traditional forms.- Odisha: known for Odissi and tribal dances, not for Dollu Kunitha. Common Pitfalls: Confusion often arises between southern states because many folk forms involve drums and intense group performance. Some students might incorrectly associate Dollu Kunitha with Kerala due to its strong dance traditions. To avoid this, try to remember a simple pairing: Dollu Kunitha with Karnataka, Kathakali with Kerala and Bharatanatyam with Tamil Nadu. Repeatedly revising these key associations improves recall during exams. Final Answer: Dollu Kunitha is a traditional folk dance form from the state of Karnataka.

Question 10

Kuchipudi village, from which the classical dance form Kuchipudi takes its name, is located in which district of Andhra Pradesh?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question links geography with Indian classical dance. Kuchipudi is both the name of a dance and of a village in Andhra Pradesh. Examinations often test whether candidates can correctly identify the specific district where culturally important villages or towns are located. Here, you need to know in which district of Andhra Pradesh the village of Kuchipudi lies. Given Data / Assumptions: - Kuchipudi is identified as a village in Andhra Pradesh.- The classical dance form Kuchipudi derives its name from this village.- Multiple districts of Andhra Pradesh are listed as options. Concept / Approach: The village of Kuchipudi is located in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. Historically, dance drama traditions flourished in this village and over time evolved into the classical dance form known as Kuchipudi. Although other districts in Andhra Pradesh have their own cultural significance, the specific association between the village Kuchipudi and Krishna district is well established in reference materials on Indian classical dance and geography. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recognise that the question is about the geographic location of the village Kuchipudi within Andhra Pradesh.2. Recall that standard descriptions of the Kuchipudi dance form mention its origin in Kuchipudi village of Krishna district.3. Compare the options: Anantapur, Kurnool, Nellore and Chittoor are other districts but do not contain this particular village.4. Match the name Kuchipudi village with Krishna district based on this widely accepted information.5. Select Krishna district as the correct option. Verification / Alternative check: Books on Indian classical dances and official tourism sources for Andhra Pradesh repeatedly mention Kuchipudi village in Krishna district as the birthplace of the dance form. Maps and government cultural documents also refer to this location, which confirms that Krishna district is correct. Checking more than one reliable source helps reinforce this fact in memory. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Anantapur district: located in a different part of Andhra Pradesh and not associated with the village Kuchipudi.- Kurnool district: historically significant, but not the district where the village Kuchipudi is located.- Nellore district: has its own towns and cultural centres, yet none of them is the origin village of the Kuchipudi dance.- Chittoor district: known for other temples and heritage sites, not for the Kuchipudi village. Common Pitfalls: Students may memorise that Kuchipudi is a dance of Andhra Pradesh but forget the exact district name. Another common issue is mixing up districts such as Krishna, Guntur and others that frequently appear in exam questions. To avoid this, it helps to mentally connect the phrase Kuchipudi of Krishna district and repeat this association during revision. Creating small flashcards that pair classical dances with both their state and specific town or district of origin can also be very useful. Final Answer: Kuchipudi village is located in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 11

Losoong is a traditional festival celebrated mainly in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Festivals from India's northeastern and Himalayan regions are increasingly featured in general knowledge examinations. Losoong is one such festival connected with the agrarian and cultural life of Sikkim. This question checks whether you can correctly identify the state where Losoong is mainly celebrated. Given Data / Assumptions: - The festival named is Losoong.- The options include several Indian states, some from the Himalayan and northeastern belt and others from distant regions.- We assume knowledge that Losoong is linked with the Sikkimese new year and harvest. Concept / Approach: Losoong marks the end of the harvest season and is celebrated mainly in Sikkim as the Sikkimese new year. The festival includes traditional dances, rituals and festivities involving the Bhutia community and others. While Arunachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh also have rich festival traditions, Losoong is particularly associated with Sikkim. Kerala and Punjab belong to different cultural zones and have their own distinct festival calendars, which do not include Losoong. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Losoong is recognised as the Sikkimese new year and harvest festival.2. Understand that it is celebrated by communities living in Sikkim, especially the Bhutia people.3. Compare the options: Arunachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh are Himalayan states but are not known specifically for Losoong.4. Recognise that Kerala and Punjab are far from this cultural zone and have different prominent festivals.5. Select Sikkim as the state where Losoong is traditionally celebrated. Verification / Alternative check: Tourism and cultural information about Sikkim highlights Losoong as an important festival marking the new year for the Bhutia community. It is often mentioned alongside other Sikkim festivals such as Losar. These references confirm that Losoong belongs to Sikkim rather than to the other states listed, helping you verify your answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Arunachal Pradesh: has unique festivals like Losar and Solung, but Losoong is not primarily identified with this state.- Kerala: known for Onam, Vishu and other south Indian festivals, not for Losoong.- Punjab: celebrates Baisakhi, Lohri and many other festivals, but Losoong is not part of its traditional calendar.- Himachal Pradesh: rich in local fairs and religious festivals, but Losoong is specifically linked with Sikkim. Common Pitfalls: Because some festival names in Himalayan and northeastern regions sound similar, candidates may confuse Losoong with Losar or other local new year celebrations. Another mistake is to guess based on random association with any hill state. To avoid this, it helps to remember that Losoong equals Sikkimese new year, and Losar can appear in multiple Himalayan contexts but is more widely known among Tibetan Buddhist communities. Keeping these links clear will reduce confusion in exam situations. Final Answer: Losoong is a traditional festival celebrated mainly in the state of Sikkim.

Question 12

In which Indian state is the Hornbill Festival, a major celebration of tribal culture and music, held every year?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: The Hornbill Festival is a prominent cultural event in India that showcases the heritage of multiple tribes, especially from the northeastern region. It is frequently highlighted in tourism campaigns and general knowledge questions. This question asks you to identify the state where this festival is held annually, testing your awareness of regional cultural events. Given Data / Assumptions: - The festival mentioned is the Hornbill Festival.- The options include several states from the northeastern and Himalayan regions.- We assume knowledge that the Hornbill Festival is strongly associated with a particular state capital as its main venue. Concept / Approach: The Hornbill Festival is held every year in the state of Nagaland, usually near the state capital Kohima. It is named after the hornbill bird, which holds cultural significance in the folklore of many Naga tribes. The festival brings together multiple tribes of Nagaland on a shared platform to present traditional dance, music, crafts and cuisine. While neighbouring states like Assam, Mizoram, Manipur and Sikkim have their own cultural festivals, the Hornbill Festival is specifically linked with Nagaland. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that the Hornbill Festival is promoted as the festival of festivals of Nagaland.2. Identify its main venue at Kisama Heritage Village near Kohima, the capital of Nagaland.3. Compare options: Assam has Bihu festivals, Mizoram has Chapchar Kut, Manipur has Yaoshang, and Sikkim has festivals like Losoong, but these are not Hornbill Festival.4. Recognise the unique association of the hornbill bird with Naga tribal culture.5. Select Nagaland as the correct answer. Verification / Alternative check: Tourism advertisements, government websites and travel articles clearly state that the Hornbill Festival takes place in Nagaland every year, typically in early December. They present it as a key attraction for visitors wanting to experience Naga tribal culture. Viewing any official or credible travel information quickly confirms that Nagaland is the state associated with this festival. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Mizoram: hosts important festivals like Chapchar Kut, but is not the venue for the Hornbill Festival.- Assam: known for Bihu celebrations, tea gardens and other cultural events, not for Hornbill Festival.- Sikkim: features festivals such as Losoong and Saga Dawa, which are different from Hornbill Festival.- Manipur: famous for its own unique traditions and festivals, but not for this particular event. Common Pitfalls: Because many northeastern states have rich tribal cultures, candidates may incorrectly associate the Hornbill Festival with any of them, especially Assam or Manipur. Another error is to focus only on the hornbill bird and guess a forested state without recalling the exact festival location. To avoid such mistakes, remember the phrase Hornbill Festival of Nagaland and connect it with the image of Kohima and Kisama Heritage Village. Such a mental picture helps anchor the fact for quick recall. Final Answer: The Hornbill Festival is held every year in the state of Nagaland.

Question 13

Which traditional sport or practice was banned by the Supreme Court of India in 2014 on grounds related to animal welfare and cruelty?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Questions on legal decisions and animal welfare issues often appear in current affairs and general knowledge sections. In 2014, the Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment banning a traditional bull taming sport on grounds of cruelty to animals. This question asks you to identify that specific practice, connecting knowledge of culture, law and animal rights. Given Data / Assumptions: - The year of the Supreme Court decision is 2014.- The ban relates to a traditional sport or practice that raises animal welfare concerns.- The options include different kinds of martial arts and traditional competitions. Concept / Approach: Jallikattu is a traditional bull taming event conducted mainly in parts of Tamil Nadu, especially during the Pongal festival. Concerns about cruelty to bulls and violations of animal welfare laws led to legal challenges. In 2014, the Supreme Court of India banned Jallikattu and similar events, citing cruelty to animals and reinforcing protections under animal welfare legislation. Although later political and legal developments modified the situation, this question focuses on the original 2014 ban. The other options such as Kalari Payattu, Kick boxing and Malla Yuddham are martial arts or fighting styles, not the specific bull taming sport banned that year. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that in 2014, the Supreme Court delivered a judgment prohibiting Jallikattu, a bull taming event in Tamil Nadu.2. Note that Jallikattu involves humans attempting to hold on to a running bull, and activists argued that it caused significant suffering to the animals.3. Understand that the court referred to animal welfare principles and legal provisions to justify the ban.4. Compare this with the options: Kalari Payattu is a martial art from Kerala, Kick boxing is a combat sport, and Malla Yuddham refers to wrestling traditions.5. Recognise that only Jallikattu fits the description of a traditional practice involving animals that was banned in 2014, and select it. Verification / Alternative check: Contemporary news reports from 2014 clearly state that the Supreme Court banned Jallikattu and similar bull related events. They describe the legal reasoning, including references to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act and findings of suffering inflicted on bulls. Looking at such sources confirms that Jallikattu was the principal practice affected by the ruling, not the other activities listed in the options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Kalari Payattu: a traditional martial art from Kerala involving physical combat and weapons training, not a bull taming event banned on animal cruelty grounds in 2014.- Kick boxing: a modern combat sport, regulated separately, not the focus of the 2014 Supreme Court ruling described here.- Malla Yuddham: refers to wrestling or hand to hand combat traditions, which are human sports, not bull taming practices.- Rod pushing competitions: a generic description, with no specific reference to a 2014 ban for animal cruelty by the Supreme Court. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may misremember the year of the ban or confuse Jallikattu with other bull related sports in different regions. Others may think the court banned a broader set of martial arts. To avoid such confusion, remember that the 2014 decision was specifically about bull taming and that Jallikattu is the famous name associated with Tamil Nadu. Keeping a timeline of major Supreme Court decisions related to environment and animal welfare can help reinforce these facts for examination purposes. Final Answer: The traditional practice banned by the Supreme Court of India in 2014 on animal welfare grounds was Jallikattu.

Question 14

Losoong, observed as a harvest and new year festival by certain communities, is celebrated in which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: This question again refers to the festival Losoong, reinforcing its association with a particular Himalayan state. Understanding regional festivals is an important component of cultural general knowledge. Here you are asked to identify the state in which Losoong is celebrated as a harvest and new year festival by local communities. Given Data / Assumptions: - The festival named is Losoong, described as a harvest and new year festival.- The options include both Himalayan and non Himalayan states.- We assume knowledge that Losoong is mainly associated with Sikkim. Concept / Approach: Losoong is particularly celebrated in Sikkim, marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of the Sikkimese new year. It includes traditional rituals, mask dances and community gatherings, especially among the Bhutia community. Arunachal Pradesh and Assam also have unique festival calendars, but Losoong is not central to them. Kerala and Madhya Pradesh are culturally distinct from the Himalayan regions and have their own separate festivals. Therefore, the correct answer is Sikkim. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Losoong is widely described as a Sikkimese harvest and new year festival.2. Recognise its close connection with the Bhutia community and monasteries in Sikkim.3. Observe that Arunachal Pradesh and Assam are northeastern states but are associated with different festivals like Solung and Bihu.4. Note that Kerala and Madhya Pradesh are not Himalayan states and have unrelated festival traditions.5. Select Sikkim as the state where Losoong is celebrated. Verification / Alternative check: Tourism guides and official portals for Sikkim list Losoong among the key festivals of the state. They mention that it is celebrated in December or early January, with special events at monasteries and in village communities. No similar references are found linking Losoong centrally to the other states in the options, which confirms that Sikkim is the correct choice. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Arunachal Pradesh: hosts its own harvest and new year festivals, but Losoong is not the main one.- Kerala: known for Onam and Vishu, which are unrelated to Losoong.- Madhya Pradesh: situated in central India with different cultural practices and festivals.- Assam: associated with Bihu festivals rather than Losoong. Common Pitfalls: Students may again confuse Losoong with other similar sounding Himalayan festivals or assume that any hill state must be involved. Some also mix up Losoong with Losar, a Tibetan new year festival observed in many regions. To avoid these mistakes, remember that Losoong is linked most specifically with Sikkim and its Bhutia community, whereas Losar has a wider Tibetan Buddhist spread. Keeping these distinctions clear will help ensure correct answers in culture related questions. Final Answer: Losoong is celebrated as a harvest and new year festival in the state of Sikkim.

Question 15

Which of the following dishes is widely recognised as one of the most popular traditional dishes of Kashmir?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Indian cuisine varies greatly from region to region, and certain dishes are strongly associated with specific states or cultural zones. This question focuses on Kashmiri cuisine and asks you to identify which dish is widely recognised as a popular traditional dish of Kashmir. Such questions test both cultural knowledge and familiarity with famous regional foods. Given Data / Assumptions: - The region in focus is Kashmir.- Several dishes are listed that belong to different culinary traditions.- We assume knowledge of at least one famous Kashmiri dish, especially vegetarian items often highlighted in general knowledge sources. Concept / Approach: Kashmiri Dum Aloo is a well known traditional dish from the Kashmir region, typically consisting of baby potatoes cooked slowly in a rich, aromatic gravy. It is widely mentioned in descriptions of Kashmiri cuisine and is often served in special meals and restaurant menus that feature dishes from Kashmir. Aloo ka Raita, Kesar Chawal and Murgh Achaari are common Indian dishes but are not specifically emblematic of Kashmiri culinary tradition in the way that Dum Aloo is. Masala Dosa is associated with south Indian cuisine, not Kashmir. Therefore, Dum Aloo is the correct answer. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Identify the region mentioned in the question, namely Kashmir.2. Recall that Kashmiri Dum Aloo is frequently listed as a signature dish from this region.3. Compare the other options: Aloo ka Raita is a side dish served across India, Kesar Chawal is a sweet rice preparation found in many regions, and Murgh Achaari is a pickled style chicken dish not unique to Kashmir.4. Recognise that Masala Dosa is strongly associated with south Indian states like Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, not with Kashmir.5. Select Dum Aloo as the dish most clearly identified with Kashmiri cuisine. Verification / Alternative check: If you consult cookbooks or reliable online references on Kashmiri cuisine, you will see Dum Aloo listed alongside dishes like Rogan Josh and Yakhni as famous Kashmiri preparations. Restaurant menus offering Kashmiri thali or Kashmiri specialities also commonly include Dum Aloo as a key vegetarian dish. These repeated references confirm that Dum Aloo is indeed a widely recognised traditional dish of Kashmir. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Aloo ka Raita: a simple yogurt based side dish enjoyed in many parts of India, but not specifically identified as a Kashmiri speciality.- Kesar Chawal: saffron flavoured rice that can appear in multiple regional cuisines, not unique to Kashmir.- Murgh Achaari: a chicken curry using pickling spices, which belongs to general north Indian cuisine, not specifically to Kashmiri tradition.- Masala Dosa: a famous south Indian dish commonly associated with Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, not with Kashmir. Common Pitfalls: Some candidates may be tempted by options containing saffron, such as Kesar Chawal, because Kashmir is famous for saffron cultivation. However, the question asks about a widely recognised traditional dish, and in many exam oriented references Kashmiri Dum Aloo is the most clearly emphasised vegetarian dish from the region. To avoid confusion, it helps to associate Rogan Josh and Dum Aloo specifically with Kashmiri cuisine and to remember that dishes like Masala Dosa and typical south Indian items belong to a completely different culinary zone. Final Answer: Dum Aloo is widely recognised as one of the most popular traditional dishes of Kashmir.

Question 16

Which famous Indian temple is popularly known by the name Black Pagoda because of its dark appearance and coastal location?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Some famous Indian temples are known not only by their formal names but also by popular nicknames that arose from their appearance or location. The term Black Pagoda is one such nickname and often appears in history and tourism related exam questions. This question asks you to identify which temple is popularly called Black Pagoda, testing your knowledge of Indian architectural heritage. Given Data / Assumptions: - The nickname given is Black Pagoda.- Several famous temples from different regions of India are listed as options.- We assume awareness of coastal temple landmarks on the eastern shore of India. Concept / Approach: The Sun Temple at Konark in Odisha is popularly known as the Black Pagoda. Historical accounts suggest that sailors on the Bay of Bengal used the dark colored tower of this temple as a landmark during navigation and referred to it as Black Pagoda. By contrast, the Jagannath Temple at Puri has at times been called the White Pagoda. Brihadeeshwara, Meenakshi and Lingaraja temples are important structures but do not carry the Black Pagoda nickname. Therefore, the correct answer is the Sun Temple at Konark. Step-by-Step Solution: 1. Recall that Konark Sun Temple is located on the coast of Odisha and was historically visible to ships sailing nearby.2. Remember that its dark stone construction and towering shikhara led sailors to refer to it as the Black Pagoda.3. Compare this with Jagannath Temple at Puri, which has been termed the White Pagoda.4. Note that Brihadeeshwara Temple at Thanjavur, Meenakshi Temple at Madurai and Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar are all inland or have different architectural contexts and nicknames.5. Select Sun Temple at Konark as the temple known as Black Pagoda. Verification / Alternative check: Tourism literature and history texts frequently mention that European sailors referred to the Konark Sun Temple as Black Pagoda and the Puri Jagannath Temple as White Pagoda. These nicknames were based on the visual appearance of the temples when approached from the sea. Such consistent references across multiple sources confirm that Black Pagoda refers specifically to the Sun Temple at Konark. Why Other Options Are Wrong: - Brihadeeshwara Temple at Thanjavur: also known as the Big Temple, but not commonly called Black Pagoda.- Meenakshi Temple at Madurai: famous for its gopurams and sculptures, but no standard reference calls it Black Pagoda.- Jagannath Temple at Puri: more often referred to as the White Pagoda, forming a pair with Konark's Black Pagoda in maritime accounts.- Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar: an important Shaivite temple, but not known by the Black Pagoda nickname. Common Pitfalls: A typical confusion arises between Konark and Puri temples because both are in Odisha and both were landmarks for sailors. Remembering that the darker Konark Sun Temple is the Black Pagoda and the Puri Jagannath Temple is the White Pagoda helps to resolve this. Another pitfall is assuming that any large temple in South India might be the one in question. To avoid such errors, link the word Pagoda in this context with coastal navigation and the specific duo of temples used as visual markers by ships on the Bay of Bengal. Final Answer: The famous Indian temple known as the Black Pagoda is the Sun Temple at Konark.

Question 17

In the context of famous international personalities, Pierre Cardin is most closely associated with which field of creative work?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Pierre Cardin is one of the most frequently asked international personalities in general knowledge examinations because he represents the global link between business, culture, and creative industries. Many competitive exams in India test whether candidates can correctly associate famous names with their primary fields of work. In this question the focus is on recognising that Pierre Cardin is a legendary figure in the world of fashion and not in areas like painting, music, or sports. Knowing such associations helps students quickly answer culture and current affairs questions where only the name is given and they must recall the correct domain within a few seconds. Given Data / Assumptions: The personality mentioned is Pierre Cardin. He is an internationally known figure. The options list four broad creative or performance related fields: painting, sports, fashion designing, and music. We assume the question refers to his main area of fame, not any minor interests. Concept / Approach: The basic approach is to treat this as a matching question between a well known person and the correct profession or field. For effective preparation, candidates should build a mental map of important international designers, authors, scientists, and artists. Pierre Cardin stands out as a pioneering fashion designer who popularised futuristic designs, ready to wear collections, and strong branding in the fashion industry. None of the other options describe his primary work, so we match his name with fashion designing. This style of question rewards pure factual recall rather than calculation or long reasoning. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Read the name carefully and recognise that Pierre Cardin is a European designer well known in lifestyle and luxury circles. Step 2: Look at the four domains: painting, sports, fashion designing, and music. Step 3: Recall that Pierre Cardin created iconic clothing lines and built a global fashion label, especially noted for futuristic and geometric garments. Step 4: Eliminate painting because he is not primarily known as a fine art painter. Step 5: Eliminate sports and music because there is no major record of him as a champion athlete or famous musician. Step 6: Conclude that the correct association is with fashion designing. Verification / Alternative check: An alternative memory check is to recall that many luxury brands carry surnames of their founders such as Cardin, Chanel, Armani, and Versace. When you remember Pierre Cardin as a brand label on clothes, perfumes, and accessories, it reinforces the link to the fashion industry. You may also recall his contributions to modern ready to wear collections, which further confirms the association with fashion designing and not with other creative arts listed in the options. This cross connection between brand names and personal names provides an independent way of verifying the answer. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Painting is incorrect because Pierre Cardin is not recognised as a famous painter in global art history. Sports is wrong because there is no major sporting achievement linked with his name. Music is incorrect because he is not celebrated as a composer, singer, or instrumentalist in the world music scene. These alternatives are included to test whether candidates really know the name rather than guess randomly among creative fields. Common Pitfalls: A common mistake is to confuse Pierre Cardin with other European cultural figures and assume he might be a painter or musician simply because the name sounds artistic. Another pitfall is guessing based on which option feels most glamorous without any solid memory. Some learners also mix him up with brands of perfume or accessories and forget that these are extensions of a fashion label rather than separate domains like sports or music. Avoid these errors by firmly mapping Pierre Cardin to fashion designing in your notes. Final Answer: The correct field associated with Pierre Cardin is Fashion designing.

Question 18

The paintings found in the Ajanta and Ellora cave complexes are indicative of the development of Indian art under which ruling dynasty?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Ajanta and Ellora are among the most famous rock cut cave complexes in India and appear frequently in history and culture sections of competitive exams. Their paintings and sculptures represent key phases in the evolution of classical Indian art. Many questions ask candidates to link these caves with particular dynasties or artistic traditions. Here the focus is on recognising that the style and development of art in these caves are closely associated with the Chalukya period, even though other dynasties also played roles in their history. Given Data / Assumptions: The sites mentioned are the Ajanta and Ellora caves in western India. The question asks about the development of art as reflected in the cave paintings. The options list four dynasties: Pallavas, Chalukyas, Pandyas, and Rashtrakutas. We assume the examiner follows the widely accepted exam key used in standard Indian culture question banks. Concept / Approach: Ajanta and Ellora developed over several centuries under different rulers, but many GK compilations emphasise the contribution of the Chalukya related artistic tradition. The approach is therefore to recall which dynasty is most commonly linked in exam oriented material with the refinement of art at these cave complexes. While detailed history notes mention Satavahanas, Vakatakas, Chalukyas, and Rashtrakutas, coaching material routinely matches this specific question with the Chalukyas, so that is the answer expected in objective tests. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Identify Ajanta and Ellora as major cave sites famous for Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain art. Step 2: Recall common exam statements which say that the paintings here indicate the development of art under the Chalukyas. Step 3: Compare the four options and locate Chalukyas among them. Step 4: Eliminate Pallavas and Pandyas, who were more active in south India with other temple styles. Step 5: Note that Rashtrakutas are associated with Ellora, but the standard key for this combined Ajanta and Ellora question selects Chalukyas. Step 6: Mark Chalukyas as the correct answer in line with established GK keys. Verification / Alternative check: As an additional check, you might recall that Ellora's Kailasa temple and many rock cut shrines were completed under rulers connected to Chalukya and Rashtrakuta lines, and that exam oriented summaries often compress this into a single label, Chalukya art. When the exact question form mentions development of art under one dynasty and lists these four options, cross references in multiple GK books confirm Chalukyas as the expected response. This pattern based recognition can be used to verify the answer in a timed test. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Pallavas are more strongly associated with rock cut and structural temples in Tamil Nadu such as those at Mahabalipuram and Kanchipuram, not mainly with Ajanta and Ellora. Pandyas also ruled parts of south India but are not the standard association for these Maharashtra cave paintings. Rashtrakutas certainly supported Ellora but, according to many objective question banks, are not the designated answer for this specific combined Ajanta and Ellora question, where Chalukyas is printed as the key. Therefore they are treated as distractors here. Common Pitfalls: A frequent confusion is between Chalukyas and Rashtrakutas because both appear in art history discussions of Ellora. Some students also over generalise and choose Pallavas whenever they see a question about rock cut temples. To avoid these mistakes, link Ajanta and Ellora paintings with Chalukyas for this specific MCQ and separately remember that Pallavas are strongly connected with Mahabalipuram. Making a small comparison table for dynasties and their chief monuments helps reduce such mix ups. Final Answer: The dynasty associated in this commonly asked question is Chalukyas.

Question 19

Bhagavata Mela is a traditional devotional dance drama and folk theatre form associated with which Indian state?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Bhagavata Mela is a culturally rich term that appears in many Indian culture MCQs, especially those dealing with classical and folk dance traditions. It refers to a devotional form of dance drama based on stories from the Bhagavata Purana and related Vaishnava literature. Even though it is performed in some regions of Tamil Nadu today, many standard GK compilations and question banks treat Bhagavata Mela as a folk dance of Andhra Pradesh, and that convention is what most competitive exams follow. This question checks whether you remember that specific mapping. Given Data / Assumptions: The term given is Bhagavata Mela, a devotional dance drama form. The options list four south Indian states: Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. The question is framed in the style of typical culture MCQs used in exams. We assume the expected answer matches the widely used GK key where Bhagavata Mela is listed under Andhra Pradesh. Concept / Approach: The approach is to treat this as a pair matching problem between a specific dance form and a state. For exam purposes, learners often memorise lists such as Bhangra Punjab, Garba Gujarat, Kathak Uttar Pradesh, Kuchipudi Andhra Pradesh, and Bhagavata Mela Andhra Pradesh. Although scholars may discuss its practice in parts of Tamil Nadu, the exam mapping used in popular question banks assigns Bhagavata Mela to Andhra Pradesh, so that is the answer that will be considered correct in most objective tests. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise Bhagavata Mela as a devotional dance drama form rooted in Vaishnava traditions. Step 2: Recall state wise mapping lists where it appears under Andhra Pradesh. Step 3: Scan the options: Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala. Step 4: Eliminate Karnataka and Kerala, as they are more strongly associated with Yakshagana, Theyyam, Mohiniattam, and Kathakali. Step 5: Between Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, follow the standard GK convention that tags Bhagavata Mela as belonging to Andhra Pradesh. Step 6: Choose Andhra Pradesh as the final answer. Verification / Alternative check: To verify, you can cross check multiple culture MCQ compilations where Bhagavata Mela is almost always listed in a table of folk dances by state and placed under Andhra Pradesh. If you study those tabular lists systematically, this association becomes automatic. You might also remember that Kuchipudi is clearly linked with Andhra Pradesh at the classical level and Bhagavata Mela is sometimes mentioned in the same context of drama and storytelling from that region, which supports the same answer in the exam setting. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Tamil Nadu is incorrect in this question but can be confusing because some present day performances happen in parts of that state. Karnataka is wrong since it is far better known for Yakshagana as a dance drama form. Kerala is incorrect because its famous forms include Kathakali, Mohiniattam, and Theyyam, not Bhagavata Mela. These tempt the candidate to guess based only on geography rather than on remembered pairings from their notes. Common Pitfalls: The biggest pitfall is overthinking the scholarly debate and ignoring the exam oriented key. Another common error is to choose Tamil Nadu simply because one has recently read about performances there. For competitive exams that rely on conventional tables, it is safer to memorise Bhagavata Mela under Andhra Pradesh. Always align your answer with the pattern used by past papers and standard books to avoid losing marks on technicalities. Final Answer: In the context of Indian culture MCQs, Bhagavata Mela is treated as a folk dance of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 20

The classical dance form Mohiniattam traditionally belongs to which state in the southern region of India?

Accepted Answer

Introduction / Context: Indian classical dances are a favourite area for culture questions in competitive exams because they combine geography, history, and art. Mohiniattam is one such classical dance recognised by the Sangeet Natak Akademi. Exam setters often ask candidates to link each classical dance with the correct state. This question targets the specific association between Mohiniattam and the state of Kerala, which every aspirant should remember clearly. Given Data / Assumptions: The dance form mentioned is Mohiniattam. The options include four states from different regions: Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Manipur, and Kerala. The question explicitly mentions that Mohiniattam is a classical dance. We assume the exam follows the standard list of classical dances and their home states. Concept / Approach: The approach is to recall the well established mapping between classical dance styles and their places of origin. Bharatanatyam is linked with Tamil Nadu, Kathakali and Mohiniattam with Kerala, Kuchipudi with Andhra Pradesh, Odissi with Odisha, Kathak with north India especially Uttar Pradesh, Manipuri with Manipur, and so on. Since Mohiniattam is traditionally performed in Kerala and is strongly connected with the temples and cultural history of that state, we must choose Kerala from the list of options. Step-by-Step Solution: Step 1: Recognise Mohiniattam as a classical dance style defined by graceful movements, soft facial expressions, and lasya dominant technique. Step 2: Recall that it evolved in Kerala and is often mentioned together with Kathakali when describing the state's dance heritage. Step 3: Look at the four options and identify Kerala among them. Step 4: Eliminate Tamil Nadu because that state is primarily associated with Bharatanatyam. Step 5: Eliminate Andhra Pradesh which is known for Kuchipudi at the classical level. Step 6: Eliminate Manipur since its own classical dance is Manipuri, not Mohiniattam, and safely mark Kerala. Verification / Alternative check: As a quick check, you can remember that many standard GK notes state a direct pair: Mohiniattam dash Kerala. They also mention that the name is derived from Mohini, a female form of Lord Vishnu, and that this dance style grew in temple and court settings in Kerala. Recalling this context confirms that Kerala is the correct choice, and this verification does not depend on any of the other options. Why Other Options Are Wrong: Tamil Nadu is associated with Bharatanatyam, not Mohiniattam. Andhra Pradesh is classically linked with Kuchipudi. Manipur has Manipuri dance as its main classical form. While all these states have rich dance traditions, they are not the home state of Mohiniattam. Choosing any of them would show confusion between different classical styles and their geographical roots. Common Pitfalls: Students sometimes confuse Mohiniattam and Bharatanatyam because both feature female solo performers in classical costumes. Another pitfall is to assume that any classical form with a Sanskrit sounding name must belong to Tamil Nadu or Andhra Pradesh. To avoid errors, memorise a simple table mapping each classical dance to its state and revise it repeatedly until the associations become automatic. Final Answer: Mohiniattam is the classical dance form of Kerala.

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