Foundations of genetics: On which plant did Gregor Mendel perform his classical inheritance experiments? Context: Choice of species enabled controlled crosses and clear contrasting traits. Choose the correct species.

Difficulty: Easy

Pisum sativum (garden pea)
Zea mays (maize)
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
Arabidopsis thaliana

Correct Answer: Pisum sativum (garden pea)

Explanation:

Given data

Mendel's classic crosses involved a garden plant with clear traits.

Approach
Pisum sativum (garden pea) offered short generation time, many seeds, controlled selfing/outcrossing, and distinct contrasting traits (e.g., seed shape, flower color), making it ideal.

Final Answer
Pisum sativum (garden pea).

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