Virology terminology: By which fundamental biological process do viruses reproduce inside living host cells?

Introduction / Context:
Correct terminology matters in virology. While lay usage might refer to “multiplication,” the precise biological term for how viruses copy their genomes and produce progeny within host cells is “replication.”

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Viruses rely on host cellular machinery for many steps.
• They must synthesize new genomes and proteins and assemble them into virions.
• We are seeking the standard scientific term used in virology texts and research.

Concept / Approach:
“Replication” denotes the biological copying of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). Viral replication encompasses entry, uncoating, genome replication, protein synthesis, assembly, and release. “Duplication” is not standard in this context, and “multiplication” is colloquial, sometimes used descriptively but not as the formal mechanistic term.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard virology curricula and textbooks (e.g., basic virology chapters) consistently use “viral replication cycle.”

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Duplication: typically refers to a type of mutation or gene dosage change, not an infectious cycle.
• Multiplication: descriptive but non-technical; not the canonical term in virology.
• All of these: incorrect because the precise term is replication.

Common Pitfalls:
Conflating everyday language with technical nomenclature used in scientific literature.

Final Answer:
Replication