Compression period in a four-stroke diesel engine: Identify the most typical crank-angle window for the compression stroke in a four-stroke CI engine (from intake-valve closure to near TDC).

Introduction / Context:
The compression stroke in a four-stroke diesel begins once the intake valve closes and the piston moves upward, raising the temperature for auto-ignition. Understanding the real timing—offset from ideal dead centres—helps read timing diagrams and reason about performance and emissions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Typical timing for a conventional diesel (exact values vary by design).
• Intake closes after BDC to utilise ram effect, so compression starts slightly after BDC.
• Fuel is injected close to TDC; ignition delay follows.

Concept / Approach:

Because the intake valve remains open after BDC (to benefit from air inertia), actual compression of a sealed charge starts only when the valve closes—typically several tens of crank degrees after BDC. Compression then continues nearly up to TDC; practical references sometimes cite end-of-compression a few degrees before TDC where injection may commence.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Manufacturer timing charts confirm delayed IVC and near-TDC injection in many diesels. Exact numbers vary, but the qualitative window matches standard practice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Starting before TDC or at TDC is inconsistent with the four-stroke sequence. “Anywhere” ignores valve timing constraints. Exact dead-centre start/end neglects reality of gas dynamics and injection timing.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming compression begins exactly at BDC; forgetting intake-valve closing angle and overlap effects.

Final Answer:

Starts ~40° after BDC and ends ~10° before TDC