Statement: “Fortune favours the brave.” Conclusions: I. Taking risks is necessary for success. II. Cowards die many times before their death.

Introduction / Context:The proverb communicates an association between bravery and favourable outcomes. We test which conclusion necessarily reflects that message.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Bravery attracts “fortune” (success, favourable results).
• Bravery commonly implies willingness to face risk.
• No claim about cowards’ mortality or repeated “dying” (metaphorical) is made.

Concept / Approach:To say fortune favours the brave is to claim that success tends to accompany brave (i.e., risk-accepting) action. Thus, risk-taking is treated as a necessary ingredient for such fortune. The second conclusion introduces a literary statement disconnected from the premise.

Step-by-Step Solution:1) I: Bravery entails embracing risk; if fortune tracks bravery, risk-taking is positioned as necessary for success → follows.2) II: “Cowards die many times…” is a Shakespearean sentiment not implied by the proverb. There is no assertion about cowards’ experiences or deaths → does not follow.

Verification / Alternative check:If the statement had contrasted cowards and outcomes, II might be testable. It does not.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Only II/Either/Neither all ignore the risk-success link embedded in the proverb.

Common Pitfalls:Reading poetic lines into logical tests; confusing illustrative aphorisms with unrelated quotations.

Final Answer:if Conclusion I follows