Definition check: what term describes a formalized computer-based information system that integrates data from various sources to provide the information needed for managerial decision making?

Introduction / Context:
Organizations rely on integrated systems to transform data into information that supports planning, control, and decision making. The standard umbrella term for such a formalized, computerized system—especially one designed for managers rather than purely operational processing—is Management Information System (MIS).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The system integrates data from multiple sources.
• The output is decision-oriented information for managers.
• We are asked to select the correct term describing this system.

Concept / Approach:
An MIS comprises people, processes, data, and technology. It aggregates and structures information from operational systems (sales, production, finance, HR) and external sources, providing scheduled and on-demand reports, dashboards, and exception alerts. It differs from security artifacts (passwords), UI elements (prompts), or generic adjectives (tactical).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks and curricula consistently define MIS in these terms, distinguishing it from transaction processing and office automation.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Prompt: a UI cue, not a system.
• Passwords: a security mechanism, not an information system.
• Tactical: a planning layer, not a system.
• None: incorrect because MIS matches the definition.

Common Pitfalls:
Reducing MIS to hardware or to a single application; MIS spans governance, data models, and information delivery.

Final Answer:
Management Information System (MIS)