Tool wear mechanisms: Flank wear mainly results from abrasive action of hard micro-constituents and debris (including from built-up edge) rubbing along the machined surface. Is this statement correct?

Introduction / Context:
Flank wear is a dominant wear mode for single-point tools during continuous cutting. Understanding its causes helps in selecting tool materials, cutting parameters, and coolants, thereby prolonging tool life and improving dimensional accuracy.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard turning with a defined flank face rubbing the just-machined surface.
• Presence of hard inclusions or micro-constituents in the work (e.g., carbides, oxides), and possible built-up edge (BUE) debris.
• Normal cutting speeds and feeds without extreme thermal shock.

Concept / Approach:
Flank wear occurs on the clearance (flank) face that is in proximity to the finished surface. The primary mechanism is abrasive scratching and micro-ploughing by hard particles in the work material or detached BUE fragments sliding along the tool flank. Adhesion and diffusion can contribute, but abrasion is predominant for many steels and cast irons. As flank wear land grows, cutting forces and temperatures rise, accelerating further wear.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

Verification / Alternative check:
Metallographic inspection of worn tools typically shows scoring lines on the flank corresponding to abrasive trajectories; wear rate correlates with work hardness and inclusions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Marking the statement “Incorrect” ignores well-documented abrasive mechanisms on the flank; other mechanisms (diffusion, oxidation) exist but are not the principal cause in many common operations.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing crater wear (on rake face due to chip flow and diffusion) with flank wear; assuming coolant eliminates abrasion—coolant reduces but does not remove abrasive contact.

Final Answer:
Correct