Which Indian satellite was the first to be made using completely indigenous technology?

Introduction / Context:
This question addresses a key milestone in India's space technology journey. While the country launched its first satellite Aryabhatta with foreign assistance, true self reliance required building and launching satellites using indigenous technology. The satellite that was the first to be made completely with native technology marks a significant step toward autonomy in space. The question asks which satellite deserves this distinction among the given options.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Options list Bhaskara, Aryabhatta, Rohini and Kalpana 1.
• Aryabhatta is known as India's first satellite, but not necessarily the first fully indigenous one in all aspects.
• We assume the focus is on design and manufacture using Indian technology and expertise.
• The candidate is expected to know the basic sequence of Indian satellite development.

Concept / Approach:
Aryabhatta, launched in the nineteen seventies, was India's first satellite but relied on Soviet launch services and some foreign support in development. Later, the Rohini series of satellites were designed and built with much greater reliance on Indian technology and launched using India's own launch vehicles such as SLV. Rohini satellite RS 1 is widely cited in exam material as the first satellite made completely with indigenous technology. Bhaskara and Kalpana 1 are important remote sensing and meteorological satellites respectively, but they were not the first fully indigenous ones. Thus, the approach is to recall that Rohini holds this specific distinction.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify Aryabhatta as India's first satellite and recall that it was launched by the Soviet Union.Step 2: Recognise that the question asks specifically for the first satellite made using completely indigenous technology.Step 3: Recall that Rohini RS 1 was designed and built in India and launched on an Indian SLV rocket.Step 4: Compare this with Bhaskara and Kalpana 1, which, although important, came later and are not cited as the first fully indigenous satellite.Step 5: Select Rohini as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, one can think of standard space science notes that describe Aryabhatta as the first Indian satellite and Rohini as the first satellite built entirely with indigenous technology and launched by an Indian rocket. These notes often highlight the Rohini series as a turning point in domestic satellite capability. The repeated emphasis on Rohini in this context, in contrast with Bhaskara and Kalpana 1, confirms that Rohini matches the description in the question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Aryabhatta was India's first satellite but relied heavily on foreign launch support and some imported technology. Bhaskara was part of an early earth observation series but is not recognised as the first completely indigenous satellite. Kalpana 1 is a later meteorological satellite named in memory of astronaut Kalpana Chawla and therefore does not fit the timeline of first indigenous satellite development. While all these satellites are important milestones, only Rohini is associated with the specific tag of being the first made completely with native technology.

Common Pitfalls:
The most common mistake is to equate first Indian satellite with first fully indigenous satellite and therefore pick Aryabhatta without reading the question carefully. Another pitfall is confusion between different satellite series and their purposes. Close reading of the phrase made completely native technology and familiarity with the chronological development of India's satellite programme will highlight Rohini as the correct response.

Final Answer:
Rohini was the first Indian satellite made using completely indigenous technology.