XML fundamentals: which statement correctly describes a core feature of XML as a data representation standard?

Introduction / Context:
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a meta-language for representing structured data using self-describing tags. It decouples data content from presentation, enabling interoperability across systems and platforms. This question asks what XML fundamentally addresses.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• XML defines a syntax for elements, attributes, and hierarchy.
• Presentation (appearance) is generally handled by HTML/CSS or XSL-FO/XSLT, not by raw XML tags themselves.
• Browsers can display XML, but XML does not “govern” appearance by default.

Concept / Approach:
XML focuses on structuring data (trees of elements/attributes), validation (DTD/XSD), and data exchange. Manipulation/transformation is typically done using XSLT, XPath, and related tools. The core of XML is data representation and structure, not rendering.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
XML Schema (XSD) defines structure and data types; XSLT transforms XML to other formats, confirming the data-centric role of XML.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Appearance is managed by CSS/HTML or XSL-FO, not XML tags themselves.
Governing display is likewise a presentation concern, not XML’s core function.
All of the above cannot be correct since A and C misrepresent XML.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming XML is a presentation language; confusing XML with HTML; ignoring the role of schemas and transformations.

Final Answer:
Addresses the structuring and manipulation of the data involved.