XML fundamentals: Which statement correctly describes XML (Extensible Markup Language)?

Introduction / Context:
XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a data representation format used to structure and exchange information. It focuses on describing data with user-defined tags that convey meaning, rather than dictating presentation or execution.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• XML is text-based and human/machine readable.
• Tags and attributes model hierarchical data.
• XML is often paired with schemas (DTD or XML Schema) and transformations (XSLT).

Concept / Approach:
As a markup language, XML separates data content from presentation and logic. It enables interoperability between systems by providing a neutral, structured format. Unlike programming or scripting languages, XML does not execute; it is parsed and processed by applications.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Common uses—configuration files, web services payloads (SOAP), document formats—underscore XML’s data-markup role.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Programming/scripting: XML does not execute logic.
• Database query language: XML is not SQL.
• Styling language: CSS/XSL handle presentation; XML handles structure and meaning.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing XML with HTML (presentation) or with code; forgetting that XML’s power lies in extensible, structured data representation.

Final Answer:
XML is a markup language that allows the creation of customized, self-describing tags.