Enterprise planning and allocation: Which of the following are valid examples of global allocation problems that require cross-organization optimization or policy setting?

Introduction / Context:
Global allocation problems involve distributing scarce resources—capital, capacity, inventory, and time—across the enterprise. They are cross-functional and policy-driven, emphasizing system-wide outcomes over local optima.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The scenarios span manufacturing, product development, and supply chain.
• Decisions affect multiple sites or departments.
• Solutions typically require modeling trade-offs and constraints.

Concept / Approach:
Defining plant capacities allocates production potential across facilities. Scheduling an entire development project allocates people, budgets, and time across interdependent tasks. Setting general inventory guidelines allocates working capital and service levels across items and locations. Each example requires global policies or optimization rather than isolated, local decisions.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Operations research applications (LP, MIP, simulation) and S&OP processes handle exactly these enterprise-allocation decisions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each single option is correct but incomplete; “None” is incorrect since all examples fit the definition.

Common Pitfalls:
Optimizing locally (one plant or one SKU) without considering system constraints; ignoring cross-functional impacts on cost and service.

Final Answer:
All of the above