Parity basics in digital communications: In an even-parity system, the parity bit is chosen so that the total number of 1s (data bits + parity) is even. Evaluate this statement.

Introduction / Context:Parity is a classic error-detection method used in serial links, memory systems, and storage. “Even parity” and “odd parity” describe how the parity bit is set to make the overall count of logical 1s either even or odd. Understanding this helps interpret UART frames, memory parity errors, and simple link diagnostics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Even-parity scheme is employed.
• Data word length may vary (e.g., 7 or 8 bits), but the rule is independent of length.
• Only single-bit parity (one parity bit) is considered.

Concept / Approach:Definition: In an even-parity system, if the data bits contain an odd number of 1s, the parity bit is set to 1 to make the total even; if the data bits already contain an even number of 1s, the parity bit is set to 0. This gives a quick way to detect any odd number of bit flips.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Test with an example: data 10110010 has four 1s (even), so parity = 0 and overall ones remain even. Flip one data bit and parity detection flags a mismatch.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:Confusing the terms “even” and “odd”; counting bits incorrectly; assuming parity corrects errors (it only detects many, not all).

Final Answer:Correct