Control structures in hardware description and firmware: “The CASE control structure is used when a single selector expression can take on a list of discrete values.” Evaluate this statement.

Introduction / Context:
Both HDLs (e.g., VHDL, Verilog) and software languages use structured decision statements. Choosing between IF/ELSIF and CASE impacts readability and, in hardware, synthesizability and implementation efficiency (e.g., mux trees, decoders).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• One selector expression is compared against multiple possible literal values or ranges.
• Branches are mutually exclusive and intended to cover all or most cases.
• CASE maps naturally to multiplexing/decoding hardware.

Concept / Approach:
Use CASE when switching on one variable with enumerated options (e.g., opcode, state). IF/ELSIF is better for arbitrary Boolean conditions or prioritized checks. The statement correctly characterizes CASE usage.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
In synthesis, CASE often infers efficient multiplexers or ROM-like structures; IF/ELSIF chains may infer priority encoders. This aligns with the stated guidance.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Forgetting a default/others branch; overlapping conditions that belong in IF/ELSIF instead; using CASE with non-discrete conditions.

Final Answer:
Correct