Definition check for even parity: “Even parity means that each protected group of bits (data plus parity) contains an even number of 1s.” Evaluate this statement.

Introduction / Context:
Parity is a simple integrity check used from legacy serial links to memory systems. Even parity’s definition is central to building and reading parity generators/checkers and debugging communication issues.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Single parity bit protects a data field.
• Even-parity scheme is specified.
• No multi-bit ECC is implied—just parity.

Concept / Approach:
The parity bit is set such that the total number of 1s in the code word (data + parity) is even. This permits detection of any odd number of bit errors (most notably single-bit flips). The definition is independent of line coding, voltage levels, or framing formats.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Example: data 11001010 has four ones (even) → parity 0; data 11001011 has five ones (odd) → parity 1.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming parity corrects errors (it detects many, not all); mixing parity with checksums/CRCs.

Final Answer:
Correct