Flat slab terminology: In a flat slab system, the enlarged head provided at the top of a supporting column (to reduce punching shear and improve load transfer) is technically called the ________.

Introduction / Context:
Flat slabs transfer load directly to columns without beams. To control punching shear and improve load distribution, two local thickenings are used: the column capital (enlarged head on the column) and the drop panel (thickened slab around the column).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Question asks the name of the enlarged column head in a flat slab.
• No calculation is required.

Concept / Approach:
The column capital is the flared or enlarged portion at the top of a column. It reduces the intensity of shear at the slab–column junction and increases the perimeter available to resist punching. A drop panel, in contrast, is the local thickening of the slab itself around the column.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify which element belongs to the column (capital) versus the slab (drop).Match the definition: “enlarged head at the top of a supporting column” → capital.Select option (c).

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard flat slab details in textbooks show both capital and drop panel; the capital is unmistakably part of the column.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• (a) and (b) are generic phrases; they do not denote the technical element.
• (d) Drop panel is a thickening of the slab, not the column head.
• (e) Not applicable.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing capital and drop panel because both increase punching shear capacity; remembering that capital belongs to column, drop belongs to slab helps.

Final Answer:
Capital