GEO eclipse seasons: Approximately how many days per year does Earth’s shadow fall on a geostationary satellite (causing eclipses near the equinoxes)?

Introduction / Context:
Geostationary satellites periodically enter Earth’s umbra around the equinoxes, producing brief power interruptions unless batteries and power management are sized for eclipse operations. Operators must plan for these “eclipse seasons.”

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two eclipse seasons per year near the Vernal and Autumnal equinoxes.
• Each season spans several weeks with daily eclipse events peaking at local midnight.
• Durations vary slightly with inclination and solar declination.

Concept / Approach:

Across both seasons, the total number of eclipse days per year is about 70–90. A widely quoted planning figure is approximately 88 days per year when GEO spacecraft experience some level of shadow ingress.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Power subsystem design handbooks and mission operation timelines use ~88 eclipse days for GEO power budget planning, with daily eclipse durations peaking around 70–75 minutes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 277: not physically meaningful for GEO eclipses.
• 5 or 10: far too low; would represent only a handful of events.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing “days with any eclipse” with “maximum minutes per eclipse.”

Final Answer:

88