Ideal rectifier performance criteria Which set of characteristics best describes an ideal rectifier and its output quality?

Introduction / Context:
An ideal rectifier converts AC to DC with perfect effectiveness and produces a pure DC output with no AC components (harmonics). Understanding these ideal metrics helps benchmark practical rectifiers and assess filters and power-factor correction requirements.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Idealized conversion (no losses, no device drops).
• Pure DC output (no ripple, no AC harmonics).
• Unity displacement factor (current in-phase with voltage).

Concept / Approach:

Efficiency is output DC power divided by input power; in the ideal case, it is 100%. Ripple factor measures the AC component relative to DC; for an ideal DC output, it is zero. Harmonic factor quantifies distortion components; with a pure DC output, it is zero. Displacement factor is the cosine of the phase angle between fundamental current and voltage; with perfect in-phase operation, it is unity.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Any nonzero ripple or harmonic immediately contradicts the ideal definition; any phase displacement lowers the displacement factor below unity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Unity ripple factor means significant AC content; unity harmonic factor is non-ideal; zero displacement factor implies 90° phase shift, not acceptable for ideal conversion.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing ripple factor with power factor; overlooking that practical rectifiers always have some ripple and distortion unless perfectly filtered.

Final Answer:

100% efficiency, zero ripple factor, zero harmonic factor, unity displacement factor