In a traveling-wave tube (TWT), does distributed interaction between the electron beam and the traveling wave take place?

Introduction / Context:
A traveling-wave tube (TWT) is a broadband microwave amplifier. It amplifies signals by continuous interaction between an electron beam and an RF wave propagating along a slow-wave structure.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Device: TWT.
• Operation: distributed beam-wave interaction.

Concept / Approach:

Unlike klystrons (localized interaction), TWTs have distributed interaction along the length of the helix or coupled cavity structure, enabling wide bandwidth and high gain.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Engineering texts: TWTs are distributed amplifiers, unlike localized amplifiers.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• False: contradicts principle of TWT.
• Only in pulsed mode: TWT works in CW as well.
• Backward wave operation: belongs to BWO, not TWT.
• Voltage dependency: interaction is continuous across operating range.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing TWT with klystron's bunching interaction.

Final Answer:

True