In basic atomic physics and electronics, how do the electric charges of an electron and a proton differ? Choose the statement that correctly identifies their charge polarities.

Introduction / Context:
Understanding the fundamental charges of subatomic particles is a cornerstone for electricity, electronics, and chemistry. Charge polarity determines how particles interact in electric fields, how current flows, and why materials behave as conductors, insulators, or semiconductors.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• An electron is a stable subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus.
• A proton is a stable subatomic particle located in the nucleus.
• Charge polarity refers to the sign (negative or positive) of electrical charge.

Concept / Approach:
By definition, electrons carry a unit negative charge while protons carry an equal-magnitude positive charge. Neutrons are electrically neutral. Because the magnitudes are equal, a neutral atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons, balancing total charge to zero.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Charge conservation and electrostatic attraction of unlike charges (electron–proton) confirm the polarity assignment used throughout physics and electronics.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the sign convention or assuming charge depends on location in the atom; polarity is intrinsic to the particle type.

Final Answer:
An electron has a negative charge and a proton has a positive charge.